Incidencia de las políticas públicas de discapacidad en la inclusión social en Colombia
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Ángel Prato, Fredriksson Rubén
Yáñez Andrade, Sandra Lorena
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
La discapacidad es una condición que afecta a un importante grupo poblacional, tanto a nivel mundial, al igual que en el contexto colombiano. En este sentido, el presente artículo de investigación se propuso como objetivo valorar si las políticas públicas de discapacidad han incidido en la inclusión social en Colombia. Para alcanzar el objetivo propuesto se planteó una metodológica interpretativa, con enfoque cualitativo y diseño documental, razón por la cual se acudió a la revisión de la política pública de discapacidad de Colombia, para el periodo 2013-2022, que surgió como respuesta al cumplimiento de los compromisos adquiridos por el país en este sentido y han sido debidamente ratificados. En este orden de ideas, se pudo verificar que de acuerdo con el censo del año 2005 el país reportaba un grado de incidencia del 6,3% con respecto a la población total. De igual manera, se pudo constatar que el rango de edad con mayor prevalencia es de los mayores de 80 años, donde la cantidad de mujeres supera al de hombres. En cuanto a la política pública, esta se diseñó partiendo de la caracterización hecha dura el ya citado censo de 2005. Por último, al revisar las cifras de discapacidad reportada por la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida del 2020, la cantidad de discapacitados superar levemente el del registro censal. Sin embargo, se pudo verificar un aumento importante en el rango etario mayores de 80. De igual manera, las cifras de inclusión en educación mejoraron, pero especialmente el nivel de registro de acuerdo al tipo de discapacidad.
Las políticas públicas han tenido un impacto sustancial en la promoción de la inclusión social de las personas con discapacidad. Estas políticas han abordado áreas clave como la educación inclusiva, el acceso a empleo, la accesibilidad física y digital, y la atención médica adecuada.
A través de la implementación de leyes y programas específicos, como la Ley 1618 de 2013 y el Decreto 2011 de 2017, Colombia ha establecido un marco legal sólido para garantizar los derechos y la igualdad de oportunidades para las personas con discapacidad. Esto ha resultado en una mayor participación en la educación y en la vida laboral, lo que a su vez contribuye a su integración en la sociedad.
El Gobierno ha trabajado en la creación de entornos más accesibles, promoviendo la construcción de infraestructuras adaptadas y la incorporación de tecnologías inclusivas y se han establecido políticas para sensibilizar a la sociedad sobre la importancia de la inclusión y la diversidad.
A pesar de estos avances, existen desafíos persistentes. La accesibilidad sigue siendo un problema en muchas áreas, especialmente en zonas rurales. También es necesario fortalecer la implementación y supervisión de estas políticas para garantizar que se cumplan efectivamente en todas las regiones el país.
Es decir, las políticas públicas de discapacidad en Colombia han tenido un impacto positivo en la inclusión social al mejorar sus accesos, empleos y servicios. Sin embargo, aún se requiere un esfuerzo continuo para superar obstáculos y lograr una inclusión social completa y equitativa.
Disability is a condition that affects an important population group, both worldwide, as well as in the Colombian context. In this sense, the objective of this research article was to assess whether public disability policies have had an impact on social inclusion in Colombia. To achieve the proposed objective, an interpretative methodology was proposed, with a qualitative approach and documentary design, which is why the review of the public disability policy of Colombia was used, for the period 2013-2022, which arose as a response to compliance with the commitments acquired by the country in this regard and have been duly ratified. In this order of ideas, it was possible to verify that according to the 2005 census the country reported a degree of incidence of 6.3% with respect to the total population. Similarly, it was possible to verify that the age range with the highest prevalence is those over 80 years of age, where the number of women exceeds that of men. Regarding public policy, this was designed based on the characterization made in the aforementioned 2005 census. Finally, when reviewing the disability figures reported by the 2020 Quality of Life Survey, the number of disabled people slightly exceeds the from the census record. However, it was possible to verify a significant increase in the age range over 80. In the same way, the figures for inclusion in education improved, but especially the level of registration according to the type of disability. Public policies have had a substantial impact in promoting the social inclusion of people with disabilities. These policies have addressed key areas such as inclusive education, access to employment, physical and digital accessibility, and adequate healthcare. Through the implementation of specific laws and programs, such as Law 1618 of 2013 and Decree 2011 of 2017, Colombia has established a solid legal framework to guarantee the rights and equal opportunities for people with disabilities. This has resulted in greater participation in education and working life, which in turn contributes to their integration into society. The Government has worked to create more accessible environments, promoting the construction of adapted infrastructures and the incorporation of inclusive technologies, and policies have been established to raise awareness in society about the importance of inclusion and diversity. Despite these advances, there are persistent challenges. Accessibility remains a problem in many areas, especially in rural areas. It is also necessary to strengthen the implementation and supervision of these policies to guarantee that they are effectively complied with in all regions of the country. In other words, public disability policies in Colombia have had a positive impact on social inclusion by improving their access, jobs and services. However, a continuous effort is still required to overcome obstacles and achieve full and equitable social inclusion.
Disability is a condition that affects an important population group, both worldwide, as well as in the Colombian context. In this sense, the objective of this research article was to assess whether public disability policies have had an impact on social inclusion in Colombia. To achieve the proposed objective, an interpretative methodology was proposed, with a qualitative approach and documentary design, which is why the review of the public disability policy of Colombia was used, for the period 2013-2022, which arose as a response to compliance with the commitments acquired by the country in this regard and have been duly ratified. In this order of ideas, it was possible to verify that according to the 2005 census the country reported a degree of incidence of 6.3% with respect to the total population. Similarly, it was possible to verify that the age range with the highest prevalence is those over 80 years of age, where the number of women exceeds that of men. Regarding public policy, this was designed based on the characterization made in the aforementioned 2005 census. Finally, when reviewing the disability figures reported by the 2020 Quality of Life Survey, the number of disabled people slightly exceeds the from the census record. However, it was possible to verify a significant increase in the age range over 80. In the same way, the figures for inclusion in education improved, but especially the level of registration according to the type of disability. Public policies have had a substantial impact in promoting the social inclusion of people with disabilities. These policies have addressed key areas such as inclusive education, access to employment, physical and digital accessibility, and adequate healthcare. Through the implementation of specific laws and programs, such as Law 1618 of 2013 and Decree 2011 of 2017, Colombia has established a solid legal framework to guarantee the rights and equal opportunities for people with disabilities. This has resulted in greater participation in education and working life, which in turn contributes to their integration into society. The Government has worked to create more accessible environments, promoting the construction of adapted infrastructures and the incorporation of inclusive technologies, and policies have been established to raise awareness in society about the importance of inclusion and diversity. Despite these advances, there are persistent challenges. Accessibility remains a problem in many areas, especially in rural areas. It is also necessary to strengthen the implementation and supervision of these policies to guarantee that they are effectively complied with in all regions of the country. In other words, public disability policies in Colombia have had a positive impact on social inclusion by improving their access, jobs and services. However, a continuous effort is still required to overcome obstacles and achieve full and equitable social inclusion.
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Palabras clave
Discapacidad, Inclusión social, Políticas públicas, Disability, Social inclusion, Public policies
