Mindfulness para el manejo de la ansiedad y depresión durante el embarazo: avances investigativos de prácticas basadas en la evidencia
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Olarte Donoso, Andrés Camilo
Torres Escorcia, Najhelis Paola
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Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El embarazo es una etapa de profundos cambios físicos y emocionales, así como de
mayor riesgo de enfermedad mental. A nivel mundial, se ha identificado la presencia de
problemas de salud mental como la depresión y ansiedad durante este periodo. El objetivo
de la presente monografía fue identificar el desarrollo de intervenciones basadas en
mindfulness para el tratamiento de la ansiedad y depresión en mujeres en estado de
embarazo. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos científicos utilizando los descriptores
depression and anxiety and pregnant and mindfulness en la base de datos PubMed. La
búsqueda documental se realizó en el idioma inglés, se fijó el año 2023 como límite
superior del período de análisis y límite inferior el año 2018. Dentro de los criterios de
inclusión se establecieron que trataran de la depresión y ansiedad en mujeres embarazadas
con mindfulness, que sea una investigación cuantitativa y detallara un proceso de
intervención y evaluación de la efectividad. Como criterios de exclusión se tienen que no
sea una investigación de corte cualitativa, revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis, que no
aborde depresión ni ansiedad. Se identificaron 20 artículos y posterior a la revisión se
incluyeron 5 que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. En la revisión, las
intervenciones pretenden reducir los síntomas ansiosos y depresivos en mujeres
embarazadas. Los programas identificados en sus resultados mostraron una disminución
significativa en los síntomas depresivos y ansiosos en comparación con grupos de control.
Así mismo, se encontró que el desarrollo de diferentes modalidades del mindfulness ayudó
a reducir la angustia en mujeres embarazadas hospitalizadas teniendo también beneficios en
la preparación para el parto. Finalmente, cuando se combinan el mindfulness y ejercicio
durante el embarazo pueden encontrarse beneficios en la salud física como la mejora de la
frecuencia cardíaca y la calidad del sueño. Los hallazgos expuestos destacan la importancia
de implementar programas de prevención y atención oportuna basados en la evidencia para
ofrecer un servicio en salud mental de oportuno y de calidad en la población gestante.
Pregnancy is a time of profound physical and emotional changes, as well as increased risk of mental illness. Worldwide, the presence of mental health problems such as depression and anxiety during this period has been identified. The aim of this monograph was to identify the development of mindfulness-based interventions for the treatment of anxiety and depression in pregnant women. A search for scientific articles was carried out using the descriptors depression and anxiety and pregnancy and mindfulness in the PubMed database. The document search was carried out in English, with the year 2023 as the upper limit of the analysis period and 2018 as the lower limit. Inclusion criteria established that the study should deal with depression and anxiety in pregnant women with mindfulness, that it should be a quantitative research and detail a process of intervention and evaluation of effectiveness. Exclusion criteria were that it should not be qualitative research, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, and that it should not deal with depression or anxiety. Twenty articles were identified and after the review, five that met the inclusion criteria were included. In the review, the interventions aimed to reduce anxious and depressive symptoms in pregnant women. The programs identified in their results showed a significant decrease in depressive and anxious symptoms compared to control groups. Likewise, it was found that the development of different modalities of mindfulness helped to reduce distress in hospitalized pregnant women having also benefits in preparation for childbirth. Finally, when mindfulness and exercise are combined during pregnancy, physical health benefits such as improved heart rate and sleep quality can be found. The above findings highlight the importance of implementing evidence-based prevention and timely care programs to provide timely and quality mental health services to the pregnant population.
Pregnancy is a time of profound physical and emotional changes, as well as increased risk of mental illness. Worldwide, the presence of mental health problems such as depression and anxiety during this period has been identified. The aim of this monograph was to identify the development of mindfulness-based interventions for the treatment of anxiety and depression in pregnant women. A search for scientific articles was carried out using the descriptors depression and anxiety and pregnancy and mindfulness in the PubMed database. The document search was carried out in English, with the year 2023 as the upper limit of the analysis period and 2018 as the lower limit. Inclusion criteria established that the study should deal with depression and anxiety in pregnant women with mindfulness, that it should be a quantitative research and detail a process of intervention and evaluation of effectiveness. Exclusion criteria were that it should not be qualitative research, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, and that it should not deal with depression or anxiety. Twenty articles were identified and after the review, five that met the inclusion criteria were included. In the review, the interventions aimed to reduce anxious and depressive symptoms in pregnant women. The programs identified in their results showed a significant decrease in depressive and anxious symptoms compared to control groups. Likewise, it was found that the development of different modalities of mindfulness helped to reduce distress in hospitalized pregnant women having also benefits in preparation for childbirth. Finally, when mindfulness and exercise are combined during pregnancy, physical health benefits such as improved heart rate and sleep quality can be found. The above findings highlight the importance of implementing evidence-based prevention and timely care programs to provide timely and quality mental health services to the pregnant population.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Mindfulness, Embarazo, Depresión, Ansiedad, Intervención
