Escala FDA para la medición de los factores del desarrollo adolescente y su predicción en el bienestar psicológico
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Fecha
2021
Autores
García-Álvarez, Diego
Hernández-Lalinde, Juan
Soler, María José
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Editor
Federación Española de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educación Física (FEADEF)
Resumen
El enfoque del desarrollo positivo adolescente está centrado en el estudio de los recursos, activos y factores de orden interno y
externo que promueven la salud mental, el adecuado funcionamiento psicosocial, el florecimiento y una transición exitosa a la adultez. La
escala analizada en este trabajo se sustenta en este constructo y busca plantear una alternativa de medición para los factores promotores del
desarrollo de dicha etapa evolutiva. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento propuesto para
tal fin por García-Álvarez y Soler, inspeccionando aspectos como la validez factorial, convergente y discriminante, pero también atributos
como la invarianza de medida y la consistencia interna. Asimismo, se trazó como propósito determinar el rol predictivo de los activos del
desarrollo adolescente sobre el bienestar psicológico. Para ello, se contó con la participación de 257 adolescentes de Montevideo, Uruguay, con
edades comprendidas entre 12 y 19 años, en un estudio instrumental, transversal, correlacional y no experimental. Los resultados indican que
la propuesta original de los autores tiene fallas de validez factorial, convergente y discriminante, razón por la cual se planteó una escala
alternativa compuesta por 12 ítems obtenida al eliminar los reactivos problemáticos del cuestionario inicial. Los factores resultantes de dicho
instrumento fueron agrupados en autoestima, autoeficacia, autocontrol relacional, optimismo, percepción de riesgos y bienestar. La versión
abreviada reportó propiedades psicométricas apropiadas en todos los niveles evaluados, incluso en lo referente a la invarianza factorial. Los
hallazgos también dan cuenta del efecto predictor de estos factores sobre el bienestar psicológico y sus dimensiones: control, aceptación,
vínculos y proyectos. Se concluye que la opción reducida de la escala de los factores del desarrollo adolescente es una alternativa válida y
confiable que puede ser utilizada como herramienta de medición de esta variable en la adolescencia temprana, tanto en el campo de
intervenciones psicológicas como en el de investigación.
The approach to positive adolescent development is centered on the study of resources, assets, and internal or external factors that promote mental health, adequate psychosocial functioning, flourishing and a successful transition to adulthood. The scale analyzed in this work is based on this construct and seeks to propose a measurement alternative for the factors that promote the development of this evolutionary stage. The research aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the instrument proposed for this purpose by García-Álvarez and Soler, inspecting aspects such as factorial, convergent and discriminant validity, but also attributes such as measurement invariance and internal consistency. Likewise, the purpose was to determine the predictive role of adolescent development assets on psychological well-being. For this end, 257 adolescents from Montevideo, Uruguay, aged between 12 and 19 years old, participated in an instrumental, cross-sectional, correlational and non-experimental study. The results indicate that the original proposal of the authors has flaws in factorial, convergent and discriminant validity, which is why an alternative scale composed of 12 items was proposed, obtained by eliminating the problematic items from the initial questionnaire. The resulting factors of this instrument were grouped into self-esteem, self-efficacy, relational self-control, optimism, perception of risks and well-being. The short version reported appropriate psychometric properties at all levels evaluated, including factor invariance. The findings also account for the predictive role of these factors on psychological well-being and its dimensions: control, acceptance, attachment and projects. It is concluded that the reduced option of the adolescent development factors scale is a valid and reliable alternative that can be used as a measurement tool for this variable in early adolescence, both in the field of psychological interventions and in research.
The approach to positive adolescent development is centered on the study of resources, assets, and internal or external factors that promote mental health, adequate psychosocial functioning, flourishing and a successful transition to adulthood. The scale analyzed in this work is based on this construct and seeks to propose a measurement alternative for the factors that promote the development of this evolutionary stage. The research aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the instrument proposed for this purpose by García-Álvarez and Soler, inspecting aspects such as factorial, convergent and discriminant validity, but also attributes such as measurement invariance and internal consistency. Likewise, the purpose was to determine the predictive role of adolescent development assets on psychological well-being. For this end, 257 adolescents from Montevideo, Uruguay, aged between 12 and 19 years old, participated in an instrumental, cross-sectional, correlational and non-experimental study. The results indicate that the original proposal of the authors has flaws in factorial, convergent and discriminant validity, which is why an alternative scale composed of 12 items was proposed, obtained by eliminating the problematic items from the initial questionnaire. The resulting factors of this instrument were grouped into self-esteem, self-efficacy, relational self-control, optimism, perception of risks and well-being. The short version reported appropriate psychometric properties at all levels evaluated, including factor invariance. The findings also account for the predictive role of these factors on psychological well-being and its dimensions: control, acceptance, attachment and projects. It is concluded that the reduced option of the adolescent development factors scale is a valid and reliable alternative that can be used as a measurement tool for this variable in early adolescence, both in the field of psychological interventions and in research.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Desarrollo positivo adolescente, Factores promotores del desarrollo, Bienestar psicológico, Estudios de validación, Adolescentes, positive adolescent development, Psychological well-being, Adolescents
Citación
Hernández Lalinde, J., García Álvarez, D., & Soler, M. (2020). Escala FDA para la medición de los factores del desarrollo adolescente y su predicción en el bienestar psicológico (FDA scale for the measurement of adolescent development factors and their prediction in psychological well-being). Retos, 41, 214-227. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i41.83168
