Enfoque estratégico para la gestión del sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica de enfermedades inmunoprevenibles en menores de 10 años en el área de municipio de Cúcuta y Villa del Rosario
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Fecha
2021
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
El presente trabajo se hace con el fin de conocer la incidencia de las enfermedades inmunoprevenibles en los municipios de Cúcuta y Villa del Rosario, teniendo en cuenta el fenómeno migratorio como catalizador de dichos padecimientos. Los resultados del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), sugieren que, por el aumento de la migración en una desviación estándar, la incidencia de la Viruela y la Tuberculosis se incrementa en 0,27 y 0,32 casos por cada 100 mil habitantes, respectivamente. En este trabajo se hace un análisis descriptivo de las enfermedades inmunoprevenibles que se reportaron en las municipalidades de Cúcuta y Villa el Rosario desde 2015 a 2020, aquí se puede evidenciar que dichos padecimientos han estado incluso antes del proceso migratorio, ya que los padecimientos reportados por migrantes fueron a partir de 2017. A su vez, la incidencia de estas enfermedades se registra principalmente en el rango de edad de 0-4 años durante el periodo de estudio, esto debido a que el esquema de vacunación para esta población está incompleto.
Objetivo general: Proponer un enfoque estratégico para la gestión del sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica de enfermedades inmunoprevenibles en los municipios de Cúcuta y Villa del Rosario.
Material y Métodos de Estudio:
El paradigma investigativo a utilizar será el cuantitativo. El enfoque de la presente investigación es deductivo lo que permitirá aplicar procesos de pensamiento para los cuales se toma un conjunto de datos generales de los cuales se generará afirmaciones particulares a través de análisis de datos basados en la lógica; lo que en consecuencia permite la organización de elementos conocidos con el fin de obtener conclusiones (Dávila, 2006).
En cuanto al origen de los datos el diseño corresponde a documentos digitales; por lo tanto, los datos son de origen bibliográfico (Monje, 2011). Sin embargo, este es un trabajo no experimental debido a que las variables no estarán sujetas a manipulación.
Resultados: Los resultados del presente trabajo, demuestran que en los municipios también hay cierto número de enfermedades inmunoprevenibles independientemente del flujo migratorio, ante esto es necesario proponer estrategias a nivel local. Dado que el sistema de salud cuenta con la información de sus afiliados, es necesario que se lleven campañas de prevención y acción.
Conclusión: Es necesario estas estrategias para la reducción de dichas enfermedades tanto de la población migrante como local, ante el hecho de no tener el control suficiente sobre los flujos humanos, es necesario que se lleven a cabo estrategias dentro de las municipalidades de acogida, en este caso Cúcuta y Villa del Rosario. Es imprescindible conocer los lugares de preferencia de llegada de estos migrantes, dado que estos no buscarán acceder a las vacunas debido por el miedo a ser deportados. Esto con el fin de llevar a cabo programas propuestos por el ministerio de salud como “Vacunas al día”
Otra estrategia seria el incentivo para el reclamo de los subsidios de familias en acción entre otros solicitar el carnet de vacunación para así tener un control y direccionarlos a vacunarse o actualizar su carnet para así tener una acogida de dichas enfermedades inmunoprebenibles.
The present work is done in order to know the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases in the municipalities of Cúcuta and Villa del Rosario, taking into account the migratory phenomenon as a catalyst for these diseases. The results of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), suggest that, due to the increase in migration by one standard deviation, the incidence of Smallpox and Tuberculosis increases by 0.27 and 0.32 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. In this work, a descriptive analysis of the vaccine-preventable diseases that were reported in the municipalities of Cúcuta and Villa el Rosario from 2015 to 2020 is made, here it can be shown that these conditions have been present even before the migration process, since the conditions reported by Migrants were from 2017. In turn, the incidence of these diseases is recorded mainly in the age range of 0-4 years during the study period, due to the fact that the vaccination schedule for this population is incomplete. Objective: Propose a strategic approach for the management of the epidemiological surveillance system for vaccine-preventable diseases in the municipalities of Cúcuta and Villa del Rosario. Materials and Methods: The research paradigm to be used will be quantitative. The approach of the present investigation is deductive, which will allow the application of thought processes for which a set of general data is taken from which particular affirmations will be generated through data analysis based on logic; which consequently allows the organization of known elements in order to obtain conclusions (Dávila, 2006). Regarding the origin of the data, the design corresponds to digital documents; therefore, the data is of bibliographic origin (Monje, 2011). However, this is a non-experimental work because the variables will not be subject to manipulation. Results: The results of this work show that in the municipalities there are also a certain number of vaccine-preventable diseases regardless of the migratory flow, in view of this it is necessary to propose strategies at the local level. Since the health system has the information of its members, it is necessary to carry out prevention and action campaigns. Conclusions: These strategies are necessary to reduce these diseases both in the migrant and local population, given the fact that they do not have sufficient control over human flows, it is necessary that strategies be carried out within the host municipalities, in this case Cucuta and Villa del Rosario. It is essential to know the preferred places of arrival of these migrants, since they will not seek access to vaccines due to fear of being deported. This in order to carry out programs proposed by the Ministry of Health such as "Vacunas a día" Another strategy would be the incentive to claim the subsidies of families in action, among others, to request the vaccination card in order to have control and direct them to get vaccinated or update their card in order to have a reception of said immunopreventable diseases.
The present work is done in order to know the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases in the municipalities of Cúcuta and Villa del Rosario, taking into account the migratory phenomenon as a catalyst for these diseases. The results of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), suggest that, due to the increase in migration by one standard deviation, the incidence of Smallpox and Tuberculosis increases by 0.27 and 0.32 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. In this work, a descriptive analysis of the vaccine-preventable diseases that were reported in the municipalities of Cúcuta and Villa el Rosario from 2015 to 2020 is made, here it can be shown that these conditions have been present even before the migration process, since the conditions reported by Migrants were from 2017. In turn, the incidence of these diseases is recorded mainly in the age range of 0-4 years during the study period, due to the fact that the vaccination schedule for this population is incomplete. Objective: Propose a strategic approach for the management of the epidemiological surveillance system for vaccine-preventable diseases in the municipalities of Cúcuta and Villa del Rosario. Materials and Methods: The research paradigm to be used will be quantitative. The approach of the present investigation is deductive, which will allow the application of thought processes for which a set of general data is taken from which particular affirmations will be generated through data analysis based on logic; which consequently allows the organization of known elements in order to obtain conclusions (Dávila, 2006). Regarding the origin of the data, the design corresponds to digital documents; therefore, the data is of bibliographic origin (Monje, 2011). However, this is a non-experimental work because the variables will not be subject to manipulation. Results: The results of this work show that in the municipalities there are also a certain number of vaccine-preventable diseases regardless of the migratory flow, in view of this it is necessary to propose strategies at the local level. Since the health system has the information of its members, it is necessary to carry out prevention and action campaigns. Conclusions: These strategies are necessary to reduce these diseases both in the migrant and local population, given the fact that they do not have sufficient control over human flows, it is necessary that strategies be carried out within the host municipalities, in this case Cucuta and Villa del Rosario. It is essential to know the preferred places of arrival of these migrants, since they will not seek access to vaccines due to fear of being deported. This in order to carry out programs proposed by the Ministry of Health such as "Vacunas a día" Another strategy would be the incentive to claim the subsidies of families in action, among others, to request the vaccination card in order to have control and direct them to get vaccinated or update their card in order to have a reception of said immunopreventable diseases.
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Palabras clave
Enfermedades inmunoprevenibles, Migración, Vacunación, Vaccine preventable Diseases, Migration, Vaccination
