Análisis de la cobertura y la calidad del sector educativo en el municipio de Los Patios, Norte de Santander: una mirada desde los estudiantes
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2023
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
El tránsito eficiente de la educación básica secundaria a la educación media es fundamental para el desarrollo de competencias, aunque se han venido adelantando esfuerzos importantes en materia de educación en Colombia, el aislamiento a causa de la pandemia de Covid-19 trajo consigo nuevos retos para el desarrollo del sector educativo en dos de sus componentes más importantes: la cobertura, entendida cómo la capacidad de ofertar las vacantes necesarias para asumir la demanda de educandos; y la calidad, comprendida desde el desarrollo de competencias y la pertinencia de estas en el proceso de aprendizaje. El presente artículo precisó analizar desde la mirada de los estudiantes la percepción en materia de cobertura, así como, de calidad del sector educativo en el Municipio de Los Patios. Esta investigación bajo el paradigma cualitativo se basó en la información recolectada a los estudiantes que actualmente cursan undécimo grado y llevaron a cabo su etapa de transición de educación básica secundaria a educación media en colegios públicos desde el año 2019. Asimismo, esta investigación se realizó con un enfoque hermenéutico dado que se analizaron textos anteriores y los relatos obtenidos por medio de las entrevistas aplicadas. La selección de los participantes se realizó mediante el muestreo a conveniencia de tipo intencional; lo anterior se llevó a cabo mediante un grupo focal. La técnica es particularmente útil para explorar los conocimientos y experiencias de las personas en un ambiente de interacción, que permite examinar lo que la persona piensa, cómo piensa y por qué piensa de esa manera; en algunos casos, el grupo focal es también llamado sesiones de grupo. De esta manera, se podrá conocer la perspectiva que tienen los estudiantes pertenecientes a la educación media, sobre la cobertura y calidad educativa en sus instituciones, teniendo en cuenta el aislamiento social que trajo consigo la pandemia de Covid-19, dado que el cierre de escuelas, colegios y universidades ha cambiado de forma importante la vida de docentes, estudiantes y padres de familia. La entrevista a aplicar mediante el grupo focal busca recolectar información desde las diversas percepciones de los estudiantes del grado 11, pues fueron estos quienes vivieron de manera directa los procesos de transición durante su etapa de formación académica debido al aislamiento provocado por la pandemia. Es por esto que, con el instrumento desarrollado, se buscó obtener de manera directa, las impresiones de los mismos estudiantes sobre el proceso formativo en el cual están vinculados; de manera que fuera posible establecer unos parámetros de consideración sobre cómo perciben en términos de calidad su proceso formativo; así como, si desde su visión, la cobertura en el sector educativo es óptima o quizá, esta presenta alguna condición que afecte el desarrollo adecuado de sus jornadas. Los resultados permitirán evidenciar si la adecuada cobertura es un factor primordial y, por lo tanto, no debe remitirse solo al cumplimiento de cifras en cuanto acogida de educandos; y si la calidad, en cuanto a su medición, se vio afectada por las dificultades presentadas debido al fenómeno del aislamiento a causa de la pandemia de COVID-19.
The efficient transition from basic secondary education to secondary education is fundamental for the development of competencies. Although important efforts have been made in the field of education in Colombia, the isolation caused by the Covid-19 pandemic brought with it new challenges for the development of the education sector in two of its most important components: coverage, understood as the capacity to offer the necessary vacancies to meet the demand for students; and quality, understood as the development of competencies and their relevance in the learning process. This article analyzes the students' perception of the coverage and quality of the education sector in the municipality of Los Patios. This research under the qualitative paradigm was based on the information collected from students who are currently in eleventh grade and carried out their transition stage from basic secondary education to secondary education in public schools since 2019. Likewise, this research was conducted with a hermeneutic approach given that previous texts and the accounts obtained through the applied interviews were analyzed. The selection of the participants was done by means of purposive convenience sampling; the aforementioned was carried out through a focus group. The technique is particularly useful for exploring people's knowledge and experiences in an environment of interaction, which allows examining what the person thinks, how he/she thinks and why he/she thinks that way; in some cases, the focus group is also called group sessions. In this way, it will be possible to know the perspective that students belonging to secondary education have on the coverage and quality of education in their institutions, taking into account the social isolation brought about by the Covid-19 pandemic, given that the closure of schools, colleges and universities has significantly changed the lives of teachers, students and parents. The interview to be applied through the focus group seeks to collect information from the diverse perceptions of the 11th grade students, since they were the ones who directly experienced the transition processes during their academic training stage due to the isolation caused by the pandemic. This is why, with the instrument developed, we sought to obtain directly the impressions of the students themselves about the formative process in which they are involved, so that it would be possible to establish some parameters of consideration on how they perceive their formative process in terms of quality; as well as, if from their vision, the coverage in the educational sector is optimal or perhaps, this presents some condition that affects the adequate development of their days. The results will make it possible to show whether adequate coverage is a primordial factor and, therefore, should not only refer to the fulfillment of figures in terms of the number of students; and whether quality, in terms of its measurement, was affected by the difficulties presented due to the phenomenon of isolation caused by the Covid-19 pandemic.
The efficient transition from basic secondary education to secondary education is fundamental for the development of competencies. Although important efforts have been made in the field of education in Colombia, the isolation caused by the Covid-19 pandemic brought with it new challenges for the development of the education sector in two of its most important components: coverage, understood as the capacity to offer the necessary vacancies to meet the demand for students; and quality, understood as the development of competencies and their relevance in the learning process. This article analyzes the students' perception of the coverage and quality of the education sector in the municipality of Los Patios. This research under the qualitative paradigm was based on the information collected from students who are currently in eleventh grade and carried out their transition stage from basic secondary education to secondary education in public schools since 2019. Likewise, this research was conducted with a hermeneutic approach given that previous texts and the accounts obtained through the applied interviews were analyzed. The selection of the participants was done by means of purposive convenience sampling; the aforementioned was carried out through a focus group. The technique is particularly useful for exploring people's knowledge and experiences in an environment of interaction, which allows examining what the person thinks, how he/she thinks and why he/she thinks that way; in some cases, the focus group is also called group sessions. In this way, it will be possible to know the perspective that students belonging to secondary education have on the coverage and quality of education in their institutions, taking into account the social isolation brought about by the Covid-19 pandemic, given that the closure of schools, colleges and universities has significantly changed the lives of teachers, students and parents. The interview to be applied through the focus group seeks to collect information from the diverse perceptions of the 11th grade students, since they were the ones who directly experienced the transition processes during their academic training stage due to the isolation caused by the pandemic. This is why, with the instrument developed, we sought to obtain directly the impressions of the students themselves about the formative process in which they are involved, so that it would be possible to establish some parameters of consideration on how they perceive their formative process in terms of quality; as well as, if from their vision, the coverage in the educational sector is optimal or perhaps, this presents some condition that affects the adequate development of their days. The results will make it possible to show whether adequate coverage is a primordial factor and, therefore, should not only refer to the fulfillment of figures in terms of the number of students; and whether quality, in terms of its measurement, was affected by the difficulties presented due to the phenomenon of isolation caused by the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Palabras clave
Calidad, Cobertura, Eficiencia, Sector educativo, Transición educativa, Quality, Capacity and/or coverage, Efficiency, Education sector, Educational transition
