Prevalencia y factores asociados a la depresión postparto en puérperas del sistema de salud público de Barranquilla, agosto a octubre 2025
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2025
Autores
Diaz García, Lizeth Juliet
Montero Pana, Leonardo Andrés
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
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Introducción: La llegada de un hijo marca un momento de profunda transformación para la mujer: los cambios físicos, hormonales y emocionales se entrelazan con nuevos roles, esponsabilidades y expectativas sociales. En este contexto, la depresión posparto emerge como un trastorno del ánimo significativo que trasciende los sentimientos habituales de cansancio o alteraciones del estado de ánimo que pueden experimentarse tras el parto. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y factores asociados a la depresión postparto en puérperas del sistema de salud público de Barranquilla, agosto a octubre de 2025. Metodología: Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, la población estuvo compuesta por pacientes en su puerperio inmediato (parto vaginal o cesárea) en una institución especializada de la ciudad de Barranquilla, se trata de un muestreo no probabilístico con muestra a conveniencia en 250 pacientes, aplicando Escala de Edimburgo (validado para depresión postparto). Resultados: El 8,8% presenta puntaje mayor o igual a 10 puntos en la Escala de Edimburgo lo que clasificaría a las pacientes en riesgo de depresión postparto, para la edad no se evidenciaron diferencias significativas entre las pacientes en riesgo de depresión y las sin riesgo, con mayor frecuencia en los dos grupos entre los 26 a 35 años, de la misma manera no se evidencian diferencias para el estado civil, nivel socioeconómico, nivel académico y procedencia. Conclusiones: La depresión postparto es un fenómeno multifactorial y cuya prevalencia en esta serie fue del 8,8%, identificándose como factores de riesgo al antecedente de trastornos psiquiátricos y al bajo o insuficiente apoyo social.
Introduction: The arrival of a child marks a moment of profound transformation for women. Physical, hormonal, and emotional changes intertwine with new roles, responsibilities, and social expectations. In this context, postpartum depression emerges as a significant mood disorder that goes beyond the usual feelings of fatigue or mood fluctuations commonly experienced after childbirth. Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with postpartum depression among women receiving care in the public health system of Barranquilla, from Agost to October 2025. Methodology: A descriptive observational cross-sectional study was conducted. The population consisted of patients in the immediate postpartum period (vaginal delivery or cesarean section) at a specialized institution in the city of Barranquilla. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling method was used, including a total of 250 patients, applying the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (validated for postpartum depression). Results: A total of 8.8% of participants scored 10 points or higher on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, classifying them as being at risk for postpartum depression. No significant differences were found in age between women at risk and those not at risk, with the most frequent age range in both groups being 26 to 35 years. Similarly, no significant differences were observed regarding marital status, socioeconomic level, educational attainment, or place of origin. Conclusions: Postpartum depression is a multifactorial phenomenon, with a prevalence of 8.8% in this study. A history of psychiatric disorders and low or insufficient social support were identified as the main risk factors.
Introduction: The arrival of a child marks a moment of profound transformation for women. Physical, hormonal, and emotional changes intertwine with new roles, responsibilities, and social expectations. In this context, postpartum depression emerges as a significant mood disorder that goes beyond the usual feelings of fatigue or mood fluctuations commonly experienced after childbirth. Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with postpartum depression among women receiving care in the public health system of Barranquilla, from Agost to October 2025. Methodology: A descriptive observational cross-sectional study was conducted. The population consisted of patients in the immediate postpartum period (vaginal delivery or cesarean section) at a specialized institution in the city of Barranquilla. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling method was used, including a total of 250 patients, applying the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (validated for postpartum depression). Results: A total of 8.8% of participants scored 10 points or higher on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, classifying them as being at risk for postpartum depression. No significant differences were found in age between women at risk and those not at risk, with the most frequent age range in both groups being 26 to 35 years. Similarly, no significant differences were observed regarding marital status, socioeconomic level, educational attainment, or place of origin. Conclusions: Postpartum depression is a multifactorial phenomenon, with a prevalence of 8.8% in this study. A history of psychiatric disorders and low or insufficient social support were identified as the main risk factors.
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Depresión postparto, Factores de riesgo, Apoyo social, Test de Edimburgo