Eficacia del programa de restitución de tierras en la subregión del Catatumbo
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Belandria Contreras, Oscar Jose
Cañizalez Rojas, Jhon Faver
Lopez Ortiz, Shelsy Brigney
Muñoz Valderrama, Carlos Arley
Peñaranda Sierra, Yuberney
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El Catatumbo es una región ubicada en el noreste de Colombia, en el departamento de Norte de Santander. Durante décadas, ha experimentado un conflicto armado entre grupos guerrilleros, paramilitares y fuerzas militares, lo que ha generado desplazamiento forzado y la pérdida de tierras por parte de comunidades campesinas y étnicas.
La restitución de tierras es un proceso establecido en la Ley de Víctimas y Restitución de Tierras de Colombia, promulgada en 2011, que busca devolver las tierras a las víctimas de despojo o abandono forzado debido al conflicto armado. El objetivo es reparar los derechos de las víctimas y promover la reconciliación.
En el Catatumbo, el proceso de restitución de tierras ha sido complejo debido a varios factores. En primer lugar, la presencia de grupos armados ha generado un clima de violencia y amenazas contra las personas que buscan recuperar sus tierras. Esto ha dificultado la labor de las instituciones encargadas de implementar el proceso de restitución y ha generado temor e incertidumbre entre las comunidades afectadas.
A pesar de estos desafíos, se han realizado avances en el proceso de restitución de tierras en el Catatumbo. La Unidad de Restitución de Tierras (URT), la entidad encargada de implementar la ley en Colombia, ha llevado a cabo acciones para identificar y reclamar las tierras despojadas. Se han realizado investigaciones y se han emitido fallos judiciales favorables a favor de las víctimas, ordenando la restitución de las tierras.
Las acciones violentas que han plagado la historia en Colombia específicamente en la región del Catatumbo han creado un panorama de pavor generalizado que, desde 1997, el propio Estado ha venido reconociendo a través de diversas fuentes normativas como un impacto negativo en los derechos de la población. Dicho escenario es posible gracias a las horribles acciones de las organizaciones subversivas y las milicias guerrilleras, quienes aterrorizando y asesinando a la población, la empujan a huir con sus bienes y propiedades para luego apoderarse de ella. Es imperativo implementar la idea de reparación en situaciones de desplazamiento, tomando en cuenta los vínculos que éstas rompieron, al mismo tiempo que propone formas de enfrentar la crisis humanitaria y, de alguna manera, defender los derechos de las víctimas que ven sus derechos reivindicados en la devolución de las tierras enajenadas.
Teniendo en cuenta los enlaces que dañaron como resultado de esta ocurrencia. Actualmente, el Estado se esfuerza por hacer valer su rol creando organizaciones dedicadas a ayudar a las víctimas, encontrar la verdad, perseguir los delitos, reparar el tejido social y dejar registros históricos de todo lo ocurrido en el marco del conflicto armado, con la asistencia de organismos nacionales e internacionales.
Debido al proceso requerido para adaptarse a un nuevo entorno y forma de vida, el abandono de la tierra y otros bienes situados dentro de sus límites crea un evento complicado para todo ser humano que tiene sus raíces allí (Lasso Toro, 2013). Efectivamente, todas las víctimas del desarraigo se ven afectadas, aunque ciertos grupos, incluidos los pueblos campesinos e indígenas, descubren Por sus quehaceres cotidianos y los significados abstractos que se les asocian, poseen un desarrollo sociocultural significativamente más marcado y dependiente de la tierra, lo que los hace más vulnerables a los efectos de este flagelo. Como resultado, deben reconfigurar su visión del mundo al salir del área donde se han asentado
Catatumbo is a region located in the northeast of Colombia, in the department of Norte de Santander. For decades, it has experienced an armed conflict between guerrilla groups, paramilitaries and military forces, which has generated forced displacement and the loss of land by peasant and ethnic communities. Land restitution is a process established in Colombia's Law on Victims and Land Restitution, promulgated in 2011, which seeks to return land to victims of dispossession or forced abandonment due to the armed conflict. The objective is to repair the rights of the victims and promote reconciliation. In Catatumbo, the land restitution process has been complex due to several factors. Firstly, the presence of armed groups has generated a climate of violence and threats against people seeking to recover their lands. This has made the work of the institutions in charge of implementing the restitution process difficult and has generated fear and uncertainty among the affected communities. Despite these challenges, progress has been made in the land restitution process in Catatumbo. The Land Restitution Unit (URT), the entity in charge of implementing the law in Colombia, has carried out actions to identify and reclaim the dispossessed lands. Investigations have been carried out and favorable legal rulings have been issued in favor of the victims, ordering the restitution of the lands. The violent actions that have plagued in the region of catatumbo the history have created a panorama of widespread fear that, since 1997, the State itself has been recognizing through various regulatory sources as a negative impact on the rights of the population. Said scenario is possible thanks to the horrible actions of the subversive organizations and the guerrilla militias, who, terrorizing and murdering the population, push them to flee with their goods and properties and then seize them. It is imperative to implement the idea of reparation in situations of displacement, taking into account the ties that these have broken, while proposing ways to face the humanitarian crisis and, in some way, defend the rights of the victims who see their rights claimed in the return of alienated lands. Taking into account the links that damaged as a result of this occurrence. Currently, the State strives to enforce its role by creating organizations dedicated to helping victims, finding the truth, prosecuting crimes, repairing the social fabric and leaving historical records of everything that happened in the framework of the armed conflict, with the assistance of national and international organizations. Due to the process required to adapt to a new environment and way of life, the abandonment of land and other assets located within its limits creates a complicated event for every human being that has its roots there (Lasso Toro, 2013). Indeed, all the victims of uprooting are affected, although certain groups, including peasant and indigenous peoples, discover that, due to their daily tasks and the abstract meanings associated with them, they have a significantly more marked sociocultural development and are dependent on the land, which which makes them more vulnerable to the effects of this scourge. As a result, they must reconfigure their world view when leaving the area where they have settled.
Catatumbo is a region located in the northeast of Colombia, in the department of Norte de Santander. For decades, it has experienced an armed conflict between guerrilla groups, paramilitaries and military forces, which has generated forced displacement and the loss of land by peasant and ethnic communities. Land restitution is a process established in Colombia's Law on Victims and Land Restitution, promulgated in 2011, which seeks to return land to victims of dispossession or forced abandonment due to the armed conflict. The objective is to repair the rights of the victims and promote reconciliation. In Catatumbo, the land restitution process has been complex due to several factors. Firstly, the presence of armed groups has generated a climate of violence and threats against people seeking to recover their lands. This has made the work of the institutions in charge of implementing the restitution process difficult and has generated fear and uncertainty among the affected communities. Despite these challenges, progress has been made in the land restitution process in Catatumbo. The Land Restitution Unit (URT), the entity in charge of implementing the law in Colombia, has carried out actions to identify and reclaim the dispossessed lands. Investigations have been carried out and favorable legal rulings have been issued in favor of the victims, ordering the restitution of the lands. The violent actions that have plagued in the region of catatumbo the history have created a panorama of widespread fear that, since 1997, the State itself has been recognizing through various regulatory sources as a negative impact on the rights of the population. Said scenario is possible thanks to the horrible actions of the subversive organizations and the guerrilla militias, who, terrorizing and murdering the population, push them to flee with their goods and properties and then seize them. It is imperative to implement the idea of reparation in situations of displacement, taking into account the ties that these have broken, while proposing ways to face the humanitarian crisis and, in some way, defend the rights of the victims who see their rights claimed in the return of alienated lands. Taking into account the links that damaged as a result of this occurrence. Currently, the State strives to enforce its role by creating organizations dedicated to helping victims, finding the truth, prosecuting crimes, repairing the social fabric and leaving historical records of everything that happened in the framework of the armed conflict, with the assistance of national and international organizations. Due to the process required to adapt to a new environment and way of life, the abandonment of land and other assets located within its limits creates a complicated event for every human being that has its roots there (Lasso Toro, 2013). Indeed, all the victims of uprooting are affected, although certain groups, including peasant and indigenous peoples, discover that, due to their daily tasks and the abstract meanings associated with them, they have a significantly more marked sociocultural development and are dependent on the land, which which makes them more vulnerable to the effects of this scourge. As a result, they must reconfigure their world view when leaving the area where they have settled.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Restitución, Tierras, Desplazamiento forzado, Cuestión agraria, Despojo, Restitution, Land, Forced displacement, Agrarian issue, Dispossession
