Entrenamiento neurocognitivo asistido por software y sus efectos sobre las funciones sobre las funciones ejecutivas en niños
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Chaparro Suárez, Yudy Karina
Rojas Caicedo, Lilian Teresa
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Las funciones ejecutivas y su vínculo con la actividad de la corteza prefrontal, conlleva una serie de procesos cognitivos dirigidos hacia un objetivo o una meta específica. Este estudio analiza los efectos de aplicativos de software sobre el fortalecimiento de las funciones ejecutivas en niños de educación básica primaria. Para ello, se utilizó un diseño cuasiexperimental con grupo control, con una muestra de 54 niños de 6 a 10 años que fueron seleccionados de una institución educativa pública. La evaluación cognoscitiva se realizó mediante las pruebas Stroop, Wisconsin Card Sorting, Torre de México, Test De Dígito Símbolos, y Test De Atención D2, todos con estandarización para Colombia. E programa de entrenamiento cognitivo se basó en tres aplicativos para computador: 1). Software de estimulación de atención; 2) Mental Games Mind Place, y 3). Aplicativo de control atencional voluntario y control inhibitorio. Del análisis de las pruebas de procesos cognitivos aplicados antes y después de la estimulación mediada por tecnología, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las puntuaciones de atención, planeación, control inhibitorio y flexibilidad cognoscitiva, mostrando efectos de los aplicativos en el incremento de la capacidad ejecutiva y atencional. Por lo anterior, se encuentra que el uso de la tecnología y programas de entrenamiento con software, son una alternativa innovadora, atractiva y accesible, no solo para fortalecer el desempeño neurocognitivo, sino para la mejora de la salud mental de niños y niñas, favoreciendo el involucramiento, la motivación y la adherencia, posibilitando una mejor capacidad de adaptación y funcionamiento en la cotidianidad. En este sentido se este estudio es una invitación para que los investigadores continúen desarrollando programas de estimulación mediados por la tecnología, favoreciendo la cobertura y la accesibilidad, apuntando a la sostenibilidad.
Executive functions and their link to the activity of the prefrontal cortex involve a series of cognitive processes directed toward a specific goal or objective. This study analyzes the effects of software applications on the strengthening of executive functions in children in primary education. To do so, a quasi-experimental design with a control group was used, with a sample of 54 children from 6 to 10 years old who were selected from a public educational institution. The cognitive evaluation was carried out using the Stroop, Wisconsin Card Sorting, Torre de México, Digit Symbol Test, and D2 Attention Test, all standardized for Colombia. The cognitive training program was based on three computer applications: 1). Attention stimulation software; 2) Mental Games - Mind Place, and 3). Voluntary attention control and inhibitory control application. From the analysis of cognitive process tests applied before and after technology mediated stimulation, statistically significant differences were found in the scores for attention, planning, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility, showing the effects of the applications in increasing executive and attentional capacity. Therefore, it is found that the use of technology and software training programs are an innovative, attractive and accessible alternative, not only to strengthen neurocognitive performance, but also to improve the mental health of boys and girls, promoting involvement, motivation and adherence, enabling a better capacity for adaptation and functioning in everyday life. In this sense, this study is an invitation for researchers to continue developing stimulation programs mediated by technology, favoring coverage and accessibility, aiming at sustainability.
Executive functions and their link to the activity of the prefrontal cortex involve a series of cognitive processes directed toward a specific goal or objective. This study analyzes the effects of software applications on the strengthening of executive functions in children in primary education. To do so, a quasi-experimental design with a control group was used, with a sample of 54 children from 6 to 10 years old who were selected from a public educational institution. The cognitive evaluation was carried out using the Stroop, Wisconsin Card Sorting, Torre de México, Digit Symbol Test, and D2 Attention Test, all standardized for Colombia. The cognitive training program was based on three computer applications: 1). Attention stimulation software; 2) Mental Games - Mind Place, and 3). Voluntary attention control and inhibitory control application. From the analysis of cognitive process tests applied before and after technology mediated stimulation, statistically significant differences were found in the scores for attention, planning, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility, showing the effects of the applications in increasing executive and attentional capacity. Therefore, it is found that the use of technology and software training programs are an innovative, attractive and accessible alternative, not only to strengthen neurocognitive performance, but also to improve the mental health of boys and girls, promoting involvement, motivation and adherence, enabling a better capacity for adaptation and functioning in everyday life. In this sense, this study is an invitation for researchers to continue developing stimulation programs mediated by technology, favoring coverage and accessibility, aiming at sustainability.
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Palabras clave
Funciones ejecutivas, Evaluación cognoscitiva, Estimulación cognoscitiva, Aplicativos de software
