Intervención desde el modelo cognitivo comportamental para el tratamiento de la ansiedad social en una adulta joven: un estudio de caso.
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Castro Sánchez, Keren Shadday
Bula Torres, Olman Joshua
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La ansiedad social es un trastorno de salud mental que altera la vida social, las relaciones interpersonales y otras esferas del desarrollo humano, se caracteriza por presentar evitación recurrente ante situación de exposición social y la presencia de evaluaciones negativas sobre la concepción personal llevando a la evitación de las interacciones. Se ha demostrado que puede presentarse en comorbilidad con otros trastornos como la depresión. El objetivo del presente estudio de caso es describir de forma detallada el proceso de intervención desde el modelo cognitivo comportamental con una consultante, quien presenta un cuadro clínico de ansiedad social y depresión. Se llevaron a cabo 15 sesiones terapéuticas en donde se recolecto información personal, se identificaron problemáticas de salud mental, se estableció una hipótesis clínica de trabajo, se diseñó un plan de intervención y se evaluó el proceso realizado. Se aplicó el inventario de depresión y ansiedad de Beck, inventario de pensamiento automáticos, cuestionario de esquemas de Young – YSQ-L2. El plan de intervención utilizo técnicas cognitivas como el auto registro de pensamientos, la restructuración cognitiva y el entrenamiento en focalización atencional. A su vez, técnicas conductuales como la respiración muscular progresiva de Jacobson, técnicas de exposición progresiva y activación conductual. Dentro de los resultados obtenidos, se evidencio una disminución significativa de la sintomatología ansiosa, mayor comprensión de los pensamientos automáticos y técnicas prácticas para su manejo, el mejoramiento de las relaciones familiares y el establecimiento de una rutina satisfactoria por la consultante. Los hallazgos expuestos corroboran que el uso de las técnicas, principios y metodología de la terapia cognitivo comportamental facilita una praxis profesional y desarrollo de procesos de intervención clínicos efectivos con resultados positivos en la calidad de vida de las personas; así, este estudio surge como herramienta para que otro profesional de la salud
mental pueda guía su práctica profesional basada en la evidencia que permite intervenir efectiva y que ayuda al crecimiento de la psicología clínica.
Social anxiety is a mental health disorder that disrupts social life, interpersonal relationships, and other aspects of human development. It is characterized by recurrent avoidance of social exposure situations and the presence of negative evaluations about self-concept, leading to the avoidance of interactions. It has been shown to often co-occur with other disorders, such as depression. The aim of the present case study is to describe in detail the intervention process using the cognitive-behavioral model with a client who presents a clinical picture of social anxiety and depression. Fifteen therapeutic sessions were conducted, during which personal information was collected, mental health issues were identified, a working clinical hypothesis was established, an intervention plan was designed, and the process was evaluated. The Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventory, Automatic Thoughts Inventory, and Young’s Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ-L2) were applied. The intervention plan used cognitive techniques such as self-monitoring of thoughts, cognitive restructuring, and attentional focus training, along with behavioral techniques such as Jacobson’s progressive muscle relaxation, progressive exposure techniques, and behavioral activation. The results obtained showed a significant reduction in anxiety symptoms, a better understanding of automatic thoughts and practical techniques for managing them, improvements in family relationships, and the establishment of a satisfactory routine for the client. The findings confirm that the use of techniques, principles, and methodology from cognitive-behavioral therapy facilitates professional practice and the development of effective clinical intervention processes with positive outcomes in people's quality of life. Thus, this study serves as a tool for other mental health professionals to guide their practice based on evidence, enabling effective interventions and fostering the growth of clinical psychology
Social anxiety is a mental health disorder that disrupts social life, interpersonal relationships, and other aspects of human development. It is characterized by recurrent avoidance of social exposure situations and the presence of negative evaluations about self-concept, leading to the avoidance of interactions. It has been shown to often co-occur with other disorders, such as depression. The aim of the present case study is to describe in detail the intervention process using the cognitive-behavioral model with a client who presents a clinical picture of social anxiety and depression. Fifteen therapeutic sessions were conducted, during which personal information was collected, mental health issues were identified, a working clinical hypothesis was established, an intervention plan was designed, and the process was evaluated. The Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventory, Automatic Thoughts Inventory, and Young’s Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ-L2) were applied. The intervention plan used cognitive techniques such as self-monitoring of thoughts, cognitive restructuring, and attentional focus training, along with behavioral techniques such as Jacobson’s progressive muscle relaxation, progressive exposure techniques, and behavioral activation. The results obtained showed a significant reduction in anxiety symptoms, a better understanding of automatic thoughts and practical techniques for managing them, improvements in family relationships, and the establishment of a satisfactory routine for the client. The findings confirm that the use of techniques, principles, and methodology from cognitive-behavioral therapy facilitates professional practice and the development of effective clinical intervention processes with positive outcomes in people's quality of life. Thus, this study serves as a tool for other mental health professionals to guide their practice based on evidence, enabling effective interventions and fostering the growth of clinical psychology
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Palabras clave
Ansiedad social, Depresión, Salud mental, Terapia cognitivo comportamental, Intervención
