Impacto de la aplicación de técnicas del control de impulsos en el manejo de conducta externalizante en un paciente adulto farmacodependiente hospitalizado
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Becerra Claro, Shelcy Dayana
Mendoza Contreras, Yuly Marcela
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El estudio de caso evalúa las conductas externalizantes en un paciente adulto hospitalizado debido a dependencia severa a sustancias psicoactivas. El paciente presentó comportamientos como agresión, desobediencia y acciones disruptivas, que afectaban el ambiente terapéutico y complicaban su proceso de rehabilitación, aumentando el riesgo de recaída y dificultando su reintegración social. La intervención terapéutica se diseñó para abordar las causas subyacentes de estas conductas, empleando técnicas como la reestructuración cognitiva, para identificar y modificar patrones de pensamiento distorsionados; el modelado conductual, que refuerza comportamientos
positivos mediante práctica guiada; ejercicios de relajación, y estrategias de resolución de problemas para gestionar factores de estrés. Inicialmente, las sesiones se centraron en establecer una alianza terapéutica y aumentar la conciencia del paciente sobre cómo la impulsividad y las conductas externalizantes se relacionaban con su dependencia. Posteriormente, se abordaron episodios específicos de reacciones impulsivas, proporcionando herramientas prácticas para detenerse, reflexionar y elegir respuestas más adaptativas. Los resultados mostraron una reducción significativa en la frecuencia e intensidad de las conductas externalizantes, mejoras en la autorreflexión y mayor participación en actividades terapéuticas. El paciente también desarrolló habilidades para manejar la frustración, disminuir episodios de agresión y comunicarse de forma constructiva con compañeros y personal clínico. Este caso destaca la importancia de personalizar las intervenciones terapéuticas para abordar tanto las dimensiones psicológicas como conductuales de la dependencia a sustancias, favoreciendo la rehabilitación integral y mejorando la calidad de vida del paciente.
This case study examines the application of impulse control techniques to manage externalizing behaviors in an adult patient hospitalized for severe substance dependency. The patient exhibited behaviors such as aggression, defiance, and disruptive actions, which negatively impacted the therapeutic environment and hindered progress in rehabilitation. These behaviors increased the risk of relapse and posed challenges to social reintegration. The therapeutic intervention was designed to address the root causes of these behaviors through structured psychological techniques aimed at improving emotional regulation and self-control. The approach included cognitive restructuring to identify and modify distorted thought patterns, behavioral modeling to reinforce positive responses through guided practice, relaxation exercises, and problem-solving strategies to manage stressors effectively. Initial sessions focused on building a therapeutic alliance and raising the patient’s awareness of the link between impulsivity, externalizing behaviors, and substance use. Subsequent sessions addressed specific impulsive reactions, providing practical tools to pause, reflect, and choose more adaptive responses. The results showed a significant reduction in the frequency and intensity of externalizing behaviors, improvements in self-reflection, and greater engagement in therapeutic activities. The patient developed skills to handle frustration, reduced verbal and physical aggression, and demonstrated constructive communication with peers and clinical staff. This case underscores the importance of tailoring therapeutic interventions to address both the psychological and behavioral dimensions of substance dependency. By integrating cognitive and behavioral approaches, the intervention supported comprehensive rehabilitation, reduced the risk of relapse, and enhanced the patient’s quality of life.
This case study examines the application of impulse control techniques to manage externalizing behaviors in an adult patient hospitalized for severe substance dependency. The patient exhibited behaviors such as aggression, defiance, and disruptive actions, which negatively impacted the therapeutic environment and hindered progress in rehabilitation. These behaviors increased the risk of relapse and posed challenges to social reintegration. The therapeutic intervention was designed to address the root causes of these behaviors through structured psychological techniques aimed at improving emotional regulation and self-control. The approach included cognitive restructuring to identify and modify distorted thought patterns, behavioral modeling to reinforce positive responses through guided practice, relaxation exercises, and problem-solving strategies to manage stressors effectively. Initial sessions focused on building a therapeutic alliance and raising the patient’s awareness of the link between impulsivity, externalizing behaviors, and substance use. Subsequent sessions addressed specific impulsive reactions, providing practical tools to pause, reflect, and choose more adaptive responses. The results showed a significant reduction in the frequency and intensity of externalizing behaviors, improvements in self-reflection, and greater engagement in therapeutic activities. The patient developed skills to handle frustration, reduced verbal and physical aggression, and demonstrated constructive communication with peers and clinical staff. This case underscores the importance of tailoring therapeutic interventions to address both the psychological and behavioral dimensions of substance dependency. By integrating cognitive and behavioral approaches, the intervention supported comprehensive rehabilitation, reduced the risk of relapse, and enhanced the patient’s quality of life.
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Palabras clave
Sustancias psicoactivas, Conducta externalizante, Control de impulsos
