Síndrome de Burnout, calidad de sueño y síntomas osteomusculares de trabajadores de la región caribe colombiana
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Contreras Suarez, Jessika Sofia
Niño Herrera, Maryori
Silvera Pérez, Katerine Paola
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Objetivo: Determinar las características de Burnout, los niveles del sueño y los
síntomas osteomusculares en los trabajadores de la Región Caribe Colombiana.
Materiales y Métodos: Se llevo a cabo Investigación descriptiva correlacional de
carácter transversal, en la que se trabajó con una muestra de 45 trabajadores que
participaron voluntariamente. Los instrumentos empleados fueron: la encuesta
Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), el cual mide tres dimensiones principales como lo
son: el agotamiento emocional, el cual evalúa sentimientos de estar abrumado y
agotado emocionalmente por el trabajo. Despersonalización o cinismo donde se
mide respuestas impersonales y distanciadas hacia los destinatarios del servicio o
cuidado y realización personal, evaluando sentimientos de competencia y logros en
el trabajo. La encuesta de Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh es una
herramienta estandarizada para evaluar la calidad del sueño y los patrones de
sueño. Cubre siete componentes: a. Calidad subjetiva del sueño, b. Latencia del
sueño (tiempo que tarda en conciliar el sueño), c. Duración del sueño, d. Eficiencia
habitual del sueño, e. Perturbaciones del sueño, f. Uso de medicamentos para
dormir y g. Disfunción diurna (somnolencia durante el día y problemas para
mantener el entusiasmo) y el cuestionario Nórdico de Kuorinka, una herramienta
estandarizada para la detección y análisis de síntomas musculoesqueléticos. Está
diseñado para: Identificar síntomas como dolor, malestar, entumecimiento u
hormigueo. Localizar estos síntomas en nueve regiones corporales: cuello,
hombros, parte superior de la espalda, codos, muñecas/manos, parte baja de la
espalda, caderas/muslos, rodillas y tobillos/pies. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó
el programa estadístico SPSS, versión 25. Se emplearon técnicas de estadística
descriptiva para determinar frecuencias y porcentajes, así como estadística
inferencial. La dependencia entre las variables cualitativas se determinó mediante
la prueba de Chi-cuadrado de Pearson.
Resultados: Se estudiaron 45 trabajadores, de los cuales 31 eran mujeres,
presentando mayores niveles de estrés. En general, la mayoría de los trabajadores
encuestados no reportaron sentimientos de Burnout, con un 57,8% indicando que
nunca lo experimentan. Se observó que un 13,3% lo experimenta pocas veces al
año o menos frecuentemente, y un 2,2% lo experimenta diariamente. En cuanto a
la calidad del sueño, se observó una proporción significativa de individuos
disfrutando de una calidad de sueño favorable. No obstante, también existe un
pequeño porcentaje que enfrenta desafíos en este aspecto Conclusión: De
acuerdo a los hallazgos encontrados, se puede concluir que la mayoría de los
trabajadores no experimenta síndrome de Burnout, indicando un ambiente de
trabajo saludable, aunque es esencial implementar estrategias preventivas para
todos, especialmente para quienes muestran signos de agotamiento; en lo que
respecta a la calidad de sueño, mientras muchos disfrutan espacios favorables, un
grupo enfrenta desafíos, por lo que se hace necesario, mejorar este aspecto ya que
podría reducir el estrés y prevenir el Burnout; en cuanto a síntomas
osteomusculares, las zonas con mayor prevalencia de dolor son la región lumbar y
el cuello. Además, se observa que las mujeres, que conforman la mayoría de la
muestra, experimentan niveles más altos de estrés, lo que resalta la necesidad de
investigar los factores de género en el entorno laboral para abordar esta
problemática.
Objective: Determine the characteristics of Burnout, sleep levels and musculoskeletal symptoms in workers in the Colombian Caribbean Region. Materials and Methods: Descriptive correlational research of a cross-sectional nature was carried out, in which we worked with a sample of 45 workers who participated voluntarily. The instruments used were: the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) survey, which measures three main dimensions such as: emotional exhaustion, which evaluates feelings of being overwhelmed and emotionally exhausted by work. Depersonalization or cynicism where impersonal and distanced responses towards the recipients of the service or care and personal fulfillment are measured, evaluating feelings of competence and achievements at work. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index survey is a standardized tool to assess sleep quality and sleep patterns. It covers seven components: a. Subjective sleep quality, b. Sleep latency (time it takes to fall asleep), c. Sleep duration, d. Habitual sleep efficiency, e. Sleep disturbances, f. Use of sleep medications and g. Daytime dysfunction (drowsiness during the day and problems maintaining enthusiasm) and the Nordic Kuorinka questionnaire, a standardized tool for the detection and analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. It is designed to: Identify symptoms such as pain, discomfort, numbness or tingling. Locate these symptoms in nine body regions: neck, shoulders, upper back, elbows, wrists/hands, lower back, hips/thighs, knees, and ankles/feet. The SPSS statistical program, version 25, was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics techniques were used to determine frequencies and percentages, as well as inferential statistics. The dependence between qualitative variables was determined using Pearson's Chi-square test. Results: 45 workers were studied, of which 31 were women, presenting higher levels of stress. Overall, the majority of workers surveyed did not report feelings of Burnout, with 57.8% indicating that they never experience it. It was observed that 13.3% experience it a few times a year or less frequently, and 2.2% experience it daily. Regarding sleep quality, a significant proportion of individuals enjoying favorable sleep quality was observed. However, there is also a small percentage that faces challenges in this aspect Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be concluded that the majority of workers do not experience Burnout syndrome, indicating a healthy work environment, although it is essential to implement strategies preventative for everyone, especially for those who show signs of exhaustion; Regarding sleep quality, while many enjoy favorable spaces, a group faces challenges, which is why it is necessary to improve this aspect as it could reduce stress and prevent Burnout; Regarding musculoskeletal symptoms, the areas with the highest prevalence of pain are the lumbar region and the neck. Furthermore, it is observed that women, who make up the majority of the sample, experience higher levels of stress, which highlights the need to investigate gender factors in the work environment to address this problem.
Objective: Determine the characteristics of Burnout, sleep levels and musculoskeletal symptoms in workers in the Colombian Caribbean Region. Materials and Methods: Descriptive correlational research of a cross-sectional nature was carried out, in which we worked with a sample of 45 workers who participated voluntarily. The instruments used were: the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) survey, which measures three main dimensions such as: emotional exhaustion, which evaluates feelings of being overwhelmed and emotionally exhausted by work. Depersonalization or cynicism where impersonal and distanced responses towards the recipients of the service or care and personal fulfillment are measured, evaluating feelings of competence and achievements at work. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index survey is a standardized tool to assess sleep quality and sleep patterns. It covers seven components: a. Subjective sleep quality, b. Sleep latency (time it takes to fall asleep), c. Sleep duration, d. Habitual sleep efficiency, e. Sleep disturbances, f. Use of sleep medications and g. Daytime dysfunction (drowsiness during the day and problems maintaining enthusiasm) and the Nordic Kuorinka questionnaire, a standardized tool for the detection and analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. It is designed to: Identify symptoms such as pain, discomfort, numbness or tingling. Locate these symptoms in nine body regions: neck, shoulders, upper back, elbows, wrists/hands, lower back, hips/thighs, knees, and ankles/feet. The SPSS statistical program, version 25, was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics techniques were used to determine frequencies and percentages, as well as inferential statistics. The dependence between qualitative variables was determined using Pearson's Chi-square test. Results: 45 workers were studied, of which 31 were women, presenting higher levels of stress. Overall, the majority of workers surveyed did not report feelings of Burnout, with 57.8% indicating that they never experience it. It was observed that 13.3% experience it a few times a year or less frequently, and 2.2% experience it daily. Regarding sleep quality, a significant proportion of individuals enjoying favorable sleep quality was observed. However, there is also a small percentage that faces challenges in this aspect Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be concluded that the majority of workers do not experience Burnout syndrome, indicating a healthy work environment, although it is essential to implement strategies preventative for everyone, especially for those who show signs of exhaustion; Regarding sleep quality, while many enjoy favorable spaces, a group faces challenges, which is why it is necessary to improve this aspect as it could reduce stress and prevent Burnout; Regarding musculoskeletal symptoms, the areas with the highest prevalence of pain are the lumbar region and the neck. Furthermore, it is observed that women, who make up the majority of the sample, experience higher levels of stress, which highlights the need to investigate gender factors in the work environment to address this problem.
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Palabras clave
Estrés laboral, Trastornos de sueño, Salud laboral, Trabajadores
