Impacto del cambio interpretativo introducido por la Sentencia SL 138-2024 para el cálculo y liquidación de semanas cotizadas en los casos de mera expectativa de acceso a la pensión de vejez en Colombia
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Pernia Castellanos, Tatiana Marcela
Guevara Parada, Yurgen Antonio
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas Y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas Y Sociales
Resumen
El acceso a la pensión de vejez en Colombia es un desafío que persiste a pesar de los avances introducidos por la Ley 100 de 1993, que estableció las bases del Sistema General de Pensiones. Por ello, la Sentencia SL-138-2024 de la Corte Suprema de Justicia introduce un cambio interpretativo significativo accediendo posibilidades la aproximación de fracciones de semanas superiores a 0,5. El objetivo del proyecto es analizar el impacto del cambio interpretativo introducido por la sentencia SL-138-2024 para el cálculo y liquidación de semanas cotizadas en los casos de mera expectativa de acceso a la pensión de vejez en Colombia. Los resultados destacan la
trascendencia del cambio interpretativo, que modifica la manera en que se calculan las semanas cotizadas. Históricamente, la Ley 100 de 1993 establecía un estándar de 360 días al año y 30 días al mes, generando desfases significativos en el conteo de semanas reales. Este tecnicismo excluía entre 0,71 y 0,85 semanas al año, afectando la acumulación necesaria para acceder a la pensión. En cuanto a los casos de mera expectativa, se identificaron tres criterios esenciales: primero, el reconocimiento de fracciones de semanas como un avance hacia la equidad en el sistema pensional; segundo, la flexibilidad interpretativa en favor del acceso a los derechos; y tercero,
la necesidad de preservar la sostenibilidad financiera a largo plazo. Estos criterios son fundamentales para garantizar que el cambio interpretativo se implemente de manera justa y equilibrada, maximizando los beneficios para los afiliados sin comprometer la viabilidad económica del sistema.
The access to old-age pensions in Colombia remains a challenge despite the advances introduced by Law 100 of 1993, which established the foundations of the General Pension System. Therefore, Supreme Court Judgment SL-138-2024 introduces a significant interpretative change by allowing the approximation of week fractions greater than 0.5. The objective of this project is to analyze the impact of the interpretative change introduced by Judgment SL-138-2024 on the calculation and settlement of contributed weeks in cases of mere expectation of access to an old-age pension in Colombia. The results highlight the significance of this interpretative shift, which alters the way contributed weeks are calculated. Historically, Law 100 of 1993 established a standard of 360 days per year and 30 days per month, creating significant discrepancies in the actual week count. This technicality excluded between 0.71 and 0.85 weeks per year, affecting the accumulation necessary to qualify for a pension. Regarding cases of mere expectation, three essential criteria were identified: first, the recognition of week fractions as a step toward equity in the pension system; second, the interpretative flexibility in favor of access to rights; and third, the need to preserve long-term financial sustainability. These criteria are essential to ensure that the interpretative change is implemented fairly and equitably, maximizing benefits for affiliates without compromising the system's economic viability
The access to old-age pensions in Colombia remains a challenge despite the advances introduced by Law 100 of 1993, which established the foundations of the General Pension System. Therefore, Supreme Court Judgment SL-138-2024 introduces a significant interpretative change by allowing the approximation of week fractions greater than 0.5. The objective of this project is to analyze the impact of the interpretative change introduced by Judgment SL-138-2024 on the calculation and settlement of contributed weeks in cases of mere expectation of access to an old-age pension in Colombia. The results highlight the significance of this interpretative shift, which alters the way contributed weeks are calculated. Historically, Law 100 of 1993 established a standard of 360 days per year and 30 days per month, creating significant discrepancies in the actual week count. This technicality excluded between 0.71 and 0.85 weeks per year, affecting the accumulation necessary to qualify for a pension. Regarding cases of mere expectation, three essential criteria were identified: first, the recognition of week fractions as a step toward equity in the pension system; second, the interpretative flexibility in favor of access to rights; and third, the need to preserve long-term financial sustainability. These criteria are essential to ensure that the interpretative change is implemented fairly and equitably, maximizing benefits for affiliates without compromising the system's economic viability
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Palabras clave
Jurisprudencia, Semanas pensionales, Acceso a la pensión, Seguridad social
