Sustancias psicoactivas y su relación con la funcionalidad familiar, en jóvenes estudiantes del programa de Psicología de la Universidad Simón Bolívar sede Cúcuta
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2022
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Antecedentes: se presentan diferentes investigaciones desde el campo a nivel internacional, nacional y local con el problema de la investigación de las razones del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en relación a disfunción familiar en jóvenes estudiantes de la universidad Simón bolívar.
• Internacional: España, Palma (2017), se analizó los patrones del consumo de alcohol y cannabis, así mismo sus factores asociados en jóvenes de 16 a 21 años en contexto de vulnerabilidad.
• Nacional: Tolima, Aguirre, Guiza, Aldana, (2016), cuyo objetivo era determinar los factores de riesgo familiar que inciden en el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, en estudiantes de la institución educativa Técnica San Luis Gonzaga del corregimiento de Chichoral, a una población conformada por 209 estudiantes de 10 grado y 11 grado.
• Local: Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Parada (2018), se propone analizar e interpretar el alcance de los jóvenes entre 19 a 25 años, identificando los factores que influyen en el consumo de cigarrillo y alcohol evidenciando las conductas culturales sociales y familiares en relación al consumo.
Objetivos
General: Analizar la posible relación que existe entre funcionalidad familiar y las SPA en los estudiantes del programa de psicología de universidad Simón Bolívar sede Cúcuta.
Específicos:
• Determinar la prevalencia del tipo de SPA de acuerdo al género de los jóvenes estudiantes del programa de psicología de la universidad Simón Bolívar
• Describir el grado de funcionalidad familiar de acuerdo al género de los jóvenes estudiantes del programa de psicología de la universidad Simón Bolívar
• Establecer la posible relación del tipo SPA y la funcionalidad familiar de acuerdo de acuerdo al género de los jóvenes estudiantes del programa de psicología de la universidad Simón Bolívar
Materiales y Métodos: Test de APGAR familiar
Test ASSIST
APGAR FAMILIAR
Instrumento diseñado por el Doctor, Gabriel Smilkstein en 1978, (Universidad de Washington), muestras como perciben los miembros de la familia el nivel de funcionalidad de la unidad familiar.
Adaptación
Participación
Growth crecimiento
Afecto
Recursos
Consta de 5 preguntas donde se hace su calificación e interpretación;
Su calificación: 0: Nunca
1: Casi nunca
2: Algunas veces
3: Casi siempre
4: Siempre
Su Interpretación: Normal: 17 a 20
Disfunción leve: 16 a 12
Disfunción Moderada: 11 a 9
Disfunción Severa: igual a 9 o menor
ASSIST
En sus siglas en español Consumo de Alcohol y Consumo de sustancias Psicoactivas, Martínez, Rodríguez y Santacruz (2016), La prueba fue desarrollada por un grupo de especialistas en adicciones y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), y debe ser administrado por un profesional de la salud.
Consta de 8 preguntas para saber la frecuencia donde permite detectar el consumo de las siguientes sustancias Psicoactivas: Tabaco, Alcohol, Cannabis, Cocaína, Anfetaminas, Inhalantes, Sedantes, Alucinógenos, Pastillas para dormir, Opiáceos entre otros.
Resultados: De acuerdo al primer objetivo, en la tabla N°1 se analizó que hay una relación entre las dos variables a estudiar, encontrando que no hay funcionalidad familiar en los 290 estudiantes encuestados resultado que fue demostrado por el instrumento APGAR que arroja una disfunción leve. Es por ello que los jóvenes estuantes psicólogos en formación de la universidad Simón bolívar de Cúcuta posee un consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, teniendo en cuenta que pueden tener un mayor consumo de sustancias como el alcohol, anfetaminas, cannabis, cocaína, inhalantes, sedantes, alucinógenos y por ultimo opiáceos, dependiendo la relación que exista en su familia.
Conclusiones: A partir de los objetivos mencionados en la investigación de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y su relación con la funcionalidad familiar, en jóvenes estudiantes de la universidad simón bolívar de Cúcuta. Se puede observar que la población valorada no tiene una funcionalidad familiar porque en las diferentes circunstancias evaluada no se cumple con los patrones adecuados que son la adaptación, participación, crecimiento, afecto y recursos. Teniendo en cuenta que la problemática afecta al área local, nacional e internacional siendo el consumo una de las más grandes que existe en el mundo. En resumen, mediante la investigación teórica realizada para el planteamiento del problema del presente Estudio, se puede afirmar que el consumo de sustancias se ha convertido en una problemática de gran magnitud, ya que su uso y abuso afecta tanto al individuo como a su entorno, por lo que, las políticas públicas en salud han debido considerar su intervención para la prevención y tratamiento, ante los múltiples costos que esta problemática ha ido generando a través del tiempo.
The set of psychoactive substances (SPA), has been present in different times and cultures. In the history of humanity, they are associated with celebrations and daily activities and today the diversity of their uses and contexts present them as a global phenomenon that affects public health, posada, Henao, álzate, & Oquendo (2014). Different studies carried out in Colombia show an increase in drugs or Psychoactive substances, a higher index as young people advance in their training and with increasingly earlier starting ages (Cáceres, 2006), Psychoactive substances in general modify physical conditions and chemicals of the organism through a direct action on the central nervous system altering its structure and functioning. Background: Different investigations are presented from the field at the international, national and local levels with the problem of investigating the reasons for the consumption of psychoactive substances in relation to family dysfunction in young students of the Simón Bolívar University. • International: Spain, Palma (2017), the patterns of alcohol and cannabis consumption were analyzed, as well as their associated factors in young people aged 16 to 21 in a context of vulnerability • National: Tolima, Aguirre, Guiza, Aldana, (2016), whose objective was to determine the family risk factors that affect the consumption of psychoactive substances, in students of the San Luis Gonzaga Technical Educational Institution of the Chichoral district, at a population made up of 209 students from 10th grade and 11th grade • Local: Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Parada (2018), it is proposed to analyze and interpret the scope of young people between 19 and 25 years old, identifying the factors that influence the consumption of cigarettes and alcohol, evidencing the social and family cultural behaviors in relation to consumption. Objective General: To analyze the possible relationship that exists between family functionality and PAS in the psychology program students of Simón Bolívar University, Cucuta campus. Specifics: • To determine the prevalence of the type of PAS according to the gender of the young students of the psychology program of the Simón Bolívar University. • To describe the degree of family functionality according to the gender of the young students of the psychology program of the Simón Bolívar University. • Establish the possible relationship of the SPA type and family functionality according to the gender of the young students of the psychology program of the Simón Bolívar University. • Materials and Methods: Family APGAR test ASSIST test FAMILY APGAR Instrument designed by the Doctor, Gabriel Smilkstein in 1978, (University of Washington), shows how family members perceive the level of functionality of the family unit. Adaptation Stake growth growth Affected Means It consists of 5 questions where its qualification and interpretation is made Your rating: 0: Never 1: almost never 2: sometimes 3: almost always 4: always Your Interpretation: Normal: 17 to 20 Mild dysfunction: 16 to 12 Moderate dysfunction: 11 to 9 Severe Dysfunction: equal to 9 or less ASSIST In its acronym in Spanish Consumption of Alcohol and Consumption of Psychoactive Substances, Martinez, Rodríguez and Santacruz (2016), The test was developed by a group of specialists in addictions and the World Health Organization (WHO), and must be administered by a health professional. It consists of 8 questions to know the frequency where it allows to detect the consumption of the following Psychoactive substances: Tobacco, Alcohol, Cannabis, Cocaine, Amphetamines, Inhalants, Sedatives, Hallucinogens, Sleeping pills, Opiates among others. Results: According to the first objective, in table N°1 it was analyzed that there is a relationship between the two variables to be studied, finding that there is no family functionality in the 290 students surveyed, a result that was demonstrated by the APGAR instrument that shows a mild dysfunction. That is why the young psychologists in training at the Simón Bolívar University of Cúcuta have a consumption of psychoactive substances, taking into account that they may have a greater consumption of substances such as alcohol, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, inhalants, sedatives, hallucinogens. and finally opiates, depending on the relationship that exists in your family. Conclusions: Based on the objectives mentioned in the investigation of the consumption of psychoactive substances and its relationship with family functionality, in young students of the Simón Bolívar University of Cúcuta. It can be seen that the valued population does not have family functionality because in the different circumstances evaluated, the appropriate patterns are not met, which are adaptation, participation, growth, affection and resources. Taking into account that the problem affects the local, national and international area, being consumption one of the largest that exists in the world. In summary, through the theoretical research carried out to approach the problem of this Study, it can be affirmed that the consumption of substances has become a problem of great magnitude, since its use and abuse affects both the individual and his environment, therefore, public health policies have had to consider their intervention for prevention and treatment, given the multiple costs that this problem has been generating over time.
The set of psychoactive substances (SPA), has been present in different times and cultures. In the history of humanity, they are associated with celebrations and daily activities and today the diversity of their uses and contexts present them as a global phenomenon that affects public health, posada, Henao, álzate, & Oquendo (2014). Different studies carried out in Colombia show an increase in drugs or Psychoactive substances, a higher index as young people advance in their training and with increasingly earlier starting ages (Cáceres, 2006), Psychoactive substances in general modify physical conditions and chemicals of the organism through a direct action on the central nervous system altering its structure and functioning. Background: Different investigations are presented from the field at the international, national and local levels with the problem of investigating the reasons for the consumption of psychoactive substances in relation to family dysfunction in young students of the Simón Bolívar University. • International: Spain, Palma (2017), the patterns of alcohol and cannabis consumption were analyzed, as well as their associated factors in young people aged 16 to 21 in a context of vulnerability • National: Tolima, Aguirre, Guiza, Aldana, (2016), whose objective was to determine the family risk factors that affect the consumption of psychoactive substances, in students of the San Luis Gonzaga Technical Educational Institution of the Chichoral district, at a population made up of 209 students from 10th grade and 11th grade • Local: Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Parada (2018), it is proposed to analyze and interpret the scope of young people between 19 and 25 years old, identifying the factors that influence the consumption of cigarettes and alcohol, evidencing the social and family cultural behaviors in relation to consumption. Objective General: To analyze the possible relationship that exists between family functionality and PAS in the psychology program students of Simón Bolívar University, Cucuta campus. Specifics: • To determine the prevalence of the type of PAS according to the gender of the young students of the psychology program of the Simón Bolívar University. • To describe the degree of family functionality according to the gender of the young students of the psychology program of the Simón Bolívar University. • Establish the possible relationship of the SPA type and family functionality according to the gender of the young students of the psychology program of the Simón Bolívar University. • Materials and Methods: Family APGAR test ASSIST test FAMILY APGAR Instrument designed by the Doctor, Gabriel Smilkstein in 1978, (University of Washington), shows how family members perceive the level of functionality of the family unit. Adaptation Stake growth growth Affected Means It consists of 5 questions where its qualification and interpretation is made Your rating: 0: Never 1: almost never 2: sometimes 3: almost always 4: always Your Interpretation: Normal: 17 to 20 Mild dysfunction: 16 to 12 Moderate dysfunction: 11 to 9 Severe Dysfunction: equal to 9 or less ASSIST In its acronym in Spanish Consumption of Alcohol and Consumption of Psychoactive Substances, Martinez, Rodríguez and Santacruz (2016), The test was developed by a group of specialists in addictions and the World Health Organization (WHO), and must be administered by a health professional. It consists of 8 questions to know the frequency where it allows to detect the consumption of the following Psychoactive substances: Tobacco, Alcohol, Cannabis, Cocaine, Amphetamines, Inhalants, Sedatives, Hallucinogens, Sleeping pills, Opiates among others. Results: According to the first objective, in table N°1 it was analyzed that there is a relationship between the two variables to be studied, finding that there is no family functionality in the 290 students surveyed, a result that was demonstrated by the APGAR instrument that shows a mild dysfunction. That is why the young psychologists in training at the Simón Bolívar University of Cúcuta have a consumption of psychoactive substances, taking into account that they may have a greater consumption of substances such as alcohol, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, inhalants, sedatives, hallucinogens. and finally opiates, depending on the relationship that exists in your family. Conclusions: Based on the objectives mentioned in the investigation of the consumption of psychoactive substances and its relationship with family functionality, in young students of the Simón Bolívar University of Cúcuta. It can be seen that the valued population does not have family functionality because in the different circumstances evaluated, the appropriate patterns are not met, which are adaptation, participation, growth, affection and resources. Taking into account that the problem affects the local, national and international area, being consumption one of the largest that exists in the world. In summary, through the theoretical research carried out to approach the problem of this Study, it can be affirmed that the consumption of substances has become a problem of great magnitude, since its use and abuse affects both the individual and his environment, therefore, public health policies have had to consider their intervention for prevention and treatment, given the multiple costs that this problem has been generating over time.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Sustancias psicoactivas, Funcionalidad familiar, Psychoactive substances, Family functionality
