Relación entre estilos de vida, niveles de ansiedad y depresión en adolescentes de Barranquilla durante 2024
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Reales Fernández, Patricia del Socorro
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Fcultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Fcultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Introducción. Se aborda el problema de interés relacionado con el bienestar
emocional de los adolescentes, destacando la relevancia de comprender los
vínculos existentes entre los estilos de vida, los niveles de ansiedad y los síntomas
de depresión. Esta comprensión resulta fundamental para generar intervenciones
más efectivas y ajustadas a sus necesidades reales. En este sentido, se hace
referencia a investigaciones previas que han explorado en profundidad cómo
diversos factores influyen en la salud mental de esta población, entre ellos la carga
académica, el uso excesivo de la tecnología, los hábitos alimenticios y las
condiciones socioeconómicas. Estos estudios coinciden en señalar que el equilibrio
emocional de los adolescentes se ve afectado por múltiples dimensiones de su vida
cotidiana, lo que evidencia la necesidad de un enfoque integral.
Objetivo. Analizar la asociación entre los estilos de vida y los niveles de ansiedad
y depresión en adolescentes escolarizados en instituciones educativas distritales de
Barranquilla durante el año 2024.
Metodología. Adoptó un diseño descriptivo con alcance correlacional de corte
transversal, utilizando un enfoque cuantitativo. Se delimita espacialmente a cinco
instituciones educativas en el distrito de Barranquilla – Colombia, escenario donde
se emplea un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, lo cual hizo sentido por
el contexto escolar y las limitaciones en la investigación en terreno por grado y
colegios para aplicar los instrumentos de recolección de datos a la muestra
representativa de 567 estudiantes en total. Se recopilan datos mediante la
aplicación del consentimiento y el asentimiento informados, la ficha de evaluación
nutricional antropométrica y sociodemográfica, el cuestionario de dieta y estilo de
vida (ISCOLE), la prueba para detección de consumo de sustancias (ASSIST), el
Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI-2) y el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI2). Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias significativas según sexo, edad y nivel
socioeconómico. los hombres sobresalieron en actividad física y medidas
corporales, mientras que en las mujeres se evidencio mayores niveles de ansiedad
(10,05%) y ansiedad severa (5,29%), aunque también presentan diferencias
significativas en sus medidas antropométricas. A mayor edad se reflejó peor
cantidad y calidad de sueño y alimentación. El 49% de quienes tenían un IMC
adecuado presentaron ansiedad muy baja, y el 3,5% ansiedad severa. Se
identificaron correlaciones significativas entre sexo, consumo de dulces (r = 0.162,
p < 0.000), y medidas antropométricas como peso (r = -0.244, p < 0.001),
respaldando asociaciones claras entre estilos de vida y salud emocional.
Introduction. This paper addresses the issue of interest related to the emotional well-being of adolescents, highlighting the importance of understanding the links between lifestyles, anxiety levels, and symptoms of depression. This understanding is essential for developing more effective interventions tailored to their real needs. In this regard, reference is made to previous research that has explored in depth how various factors influence the mental health of this population, including academic workload, excessive use of technology, eating habits, and socioeconomic conditions. These studies agree that adolescents' emotional balance is affected by multiple dimensions of their daily lives, highlighting the need for a comprehensive approach. Objective. To analyze the association between lifestyles and levels of anxiety and depression in adolescents enrolled in district educational institutions in Barranquilla during the year 2024. Methodology. It adopted a descriptive design with a cross-sectional correlational scope, using a quantitative approach. It is spatially limited to five educational institutions in the district of Barranquilla, Colombia, where non-probabilistic convenience sampling was used, which made sense given the school context and the limitations of field research by grade and school to apply the data collection instruments to the representative sample of 567 students in total. Data were collected through the application of informed consent and informed assent, the anthropometric and sociodemographic nutritional assessment form, the diet and lifestyle questionnaire (ISCOLE), the substance use screening test (ASSIST), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-2), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI-2). Results. Significant differences were found according to sex, age, and socioeconomic status. Men excelled in physical activity and body measurements, while women showed higher levels of anxiety (10.05%) and severe anxiety (5.29%), although they also presented significant differences in their anthropometric measurements. Older women were reflected in poorer quality and quantity of sleep and nutrition. Forty-nine percent of those with an adequate BMI had very low anxiety, and 3.5% had severe anxiety. Significant correlations were identified between sex, sweet consumption (r = 0.162, p < 0.000), and anthropometric measurements such as weight (r = -0.244, p < 0.001), supporting clear associations between lifestyle and emotional health
Introduction. This paper addresses the issue of interest related to the emotional well-being of adolescents, highlighting the importance of understanding the links between lifestyles, anxiety levels, and symptoms of depression. This understanding is essential for developing more effective interventions tailored to their real needs. In this regard, reference is made to previous research that has explored in depth how various factors influence the mental health of this population, including academic workload, excessive use of technology, eating habits, and socioeconomic conditions. These studies agree that adolescents' emotional balance is affected by multiple dimensions of their daily lives, highlighting the need for a comprehensive approach. Objective. To analyze the association between lifestyles and levels of anxiety and depression in adolescents enrolled in district educational institutions in Barranquilla during the year 2024. Methodology. It adopted a descriptive design with a cross-sectional correlational scope, using a quantitative approach. It is spatially limited to five educational institutions in the district of Barranquilla, Colombia, where non-probabilistic convenience sampling was used, which made sense given the school context and the limitations of field research by grade and school to apply the data collection instruments to the representative sample of 567 students in total. Data were collected through the application of informed consent and informed assent, the anthropometric and sociodemographic nutritional assessment form, the diet and lifestyle questionnaire (ISCOLE), the substance use screening test (ASSIST), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-2), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI-2). Results. Significant differences were found according to sex, age, and socioeconomic status. Men excelled in physical activity and body measurements, while women showed higher levels of anxiety (10.05%) and severe anxiety (5.29%), although they also presented significant differences in their anthropometric measurements. Older women were reflected in poorer quality and quantity of sleep and nutrition. Forty-nine percent of those with an adequate BMI had very low anxiety, and 3.5% had severe anxiety. Significant correlations were identified between sex, sweet consumption (r = 0.162, p < 0.000), and anthropometric measurements such as weight (r = -0.244, p < 0.001), supporting clear associations between lifestyle and emotional health
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Palabras clave
Estilos de vida saludables, Ansiedad, Depresión, Adolescente, Alimentación saludable, Actividad física (De Cs)
