El IUS puniendi frente al delito de hurto en el estado social democrático y de derecho
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Fecha
2023
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
En la presente investigación se analiza el ius puniendi frente al delito de hurto en el Estado Social, Democrático y de Derecho, conducta punible que genera impacto en la sociedad y que al ejecutarse la sanción de esta conducta en centros penitenciarios y carcelarios se evidencian dificultades en cuanto al tratamiento adelantado en el marco de la política criminal para la reinserción social, protección al condenado y su incidencia en la sociedad, se ponen de presente las teorías de los fines de la pena, entre las más destacadas están la teorías retribucionistas cuyo eje es imponer el castigo a través de la pena como fin en sí misma, las teorías relativas que están enfocadas en prevenir la ocurrencia de nuevas conductas punibles de acuerdo a la función y finalidad de la pena y las teorías de la unión que proponen un esquema mixto entre la retribución y la prevención con el propósito de cumplir los fines de la pena y mantener el equilibrio entre las instituciones jurídicas, el individuo y la sociedad en general y la aplicación del ius puniendi en Colombia; en especial al contexto del municipio de Villa del Rosario donde se evidencian problemáticas de desempleo, inseguridad, educación y salud, factores que inciden en la ocurrencia del delito.Se adelantó bajo el paradigma interpretativo, conforme a los objetivos planteados, dicho paradigma interpretativo de la investigación está dentro del área del derecho penal y pretende evidenciar los problemas que enfrenta la sociedad, ya que, conocer sobre el comportamiento del ser humano es un
proceso más amplio que el requerido en las demás áreas de la investigación, bajo el enfoque socio jurídico donde se contrasta la ley y la realidad, cuya finalidad radica en el estudio del comportamiento de la sociedad de acuerdo a la preexistencia de las leyes y normas que han establecido los legisladores con el fin de obtener una conducta adecuada frente a esos postulados reguladores de la vida, además de, hacer juicios de valor que lleven a determinar qué factores inciden en las problemáticas existentes y permite analizar los efectos del derecho en la sociedad. Con un diseño cualitativo que permite una comprensión más amplia del objeto de investigación, se emplea la comprensión y análisis de hechos sociales, sus causas, efectos, interacciones interpersonales, conductas humanas en los diferentes contextos socioculturales. Los insumos de la investigación fueron revisión jurisprudencial, doctrinal y bases de datos científicas; el actual sistema judicial de Colombia en punto a la aplicación de la pena referente a los delitos contra el patrimonio económico no está acorde al modelo de Estado Social Democrático y de Derecho y a contrario sensu desemboca en un estado de cosas inconstitucionales que violenta los derechos humanos y se aparta de los fines de la pena que propende el modelo garantista del Estado constitucional en ejercicio del ius puniendi. Lo que lleva a plantear que se implementen otras formas de ejercer justicia como la conciliación, mediación, formas anormales de terminación de conflictos, para tratar de no aplicar el derecho penal, como primer mecanismo para enfrentar la criminalidad a efectos de respetar la dignidad humana como principio rector que ha sido establecido en la Carta Política.
In the present investigation, the ius puniendi against the crime of theft in the Social, Democratic and Law State is analyzed, a punishable conduct that generates an impact on society and that when executing the sanction of this conduct in penitentiary and prison centers, difficulties are evident in As for the advanced treatment within the framework of criminal policy for social reintegration, protection of the convicted person and its incidence in society, the theories of the purposes of the sentence are brought to the fore, among the most prominent are the retributionist theories whose axis is imposing punishment through punishment as an end in itself, the relative theories that are focused on preventing the occurrence of new punishable behaviors according to the function and purpose of the punishment, and the union theories that propose a mixed scheme between retribution and prevention with the purpose of fulfilling the purposes of the sentence and maintaining the balance between legal institutions, the individual and society in general and the application of the ius puniendi in Colombia; especially in the context of the municipality of Villa del Rosario where problems of unemployment, insecurity, education and health are evident, factors that affect the occurrence of crime. It was advanced under the interpretive paradigm, according to the objectives set, said interpretative paradigm of the investigation is within the area of criminal law and aims to show the problems that society faces, since knowing about the behavior of the human being is a more complex process. broader than that required in the other areas of research, under the socio-legal approach where the law and reality are contrasted, whose purpose lies in the study of the behavior of society according to the pre-existence of laws and regulations that have been established the legislators in order to obtain an adequate conduct in front of these regulatory postulates of life, in addition to making value judgments that lead to determine which factors affect the existing problems and allows to analyze the effects of the law in society. With a qualitative design that allows a broader understanding of the research object, the understanding and analysis of social facts, their causes, effects, interpersonal interactions, human behaviors in different sociocultural contexts are used. The research inputs were jurisprudential and doctrinal review and scientific databases; The current judicial system in Colombia regarding the application of the sentence referring to crimes against economic patrimony is not in accordance with the model of the Social Democratic State and of Law and a contrario sensu leads to an unconstitutional state of affairs that violates human rights and it deviates from the purposes of the penalty that the guarantee model of the constitutional State in exercise of the ius puniendi tends. Which leads to suggest that other ways of exercising justice be implemented such as conciliation, mediation, abnormal forms of conflict termination, to try not to apply criminal law, as the first mechanism to deal with crime in order to respect human dignity as guiding principle that has been established in the Political Charter
In the present investigation, the ius puniendi against the crime of theft in the Social, Democratic and Law State is analyzed, a punishable conduct that generates an impact on society and that when executing the sanction of this conduct in penitentiary and prison centers, difficulties are evident in As for the advanced treatment within the framework of criminal policy for social reintegration, protection of the convicted person and its incidence in society, the theories of the purposes of the sentence are brought to the fore, among the most prominent are the retributionist theories whose axis is imposing punishment through punishment as an end in itself, the relative theories that are focused on preventing the occurrence of new punishable behaviors according to the function and purpose of the punishment, and the union theories that propose a mixed scheme between retribution and prevention with the purpose of fulfilling the purposes of the sentence and maintaining the balance between legal institutions, the individual and society in general and the application of the ius puniendi in Colombia; especially in the context of the municipality of Villa del Rosario where problems of unemployment, insecurity, education and health are evident, factors that affect the occurrence of crime. It was advanced under the interpretive paradigm, according to the objectives set, said interpretative paradigm of the investigation is within the area of criminal law and aims to show the problems that society faces, since knowing about the behavior of the human being is a more complex process. broader than that required in the other areas of research, under the socio-legal approach where the law and reality are contrasted, whose purpose lies in the study of the behavior of society according to the pre-existence of laws and regulations that have been established the legislators in order to obtain an adequate conduct in front of these regulatory postulates of life, in addition to making value judgments that lead to determine which factors affect the existing problems and allows to analyze the effects of the law in society. With a qualitative design that allows a broader understanding of the research object, the understanding and analysis of social facts, their causes, effects, interpersonal interactions, human behaviors in different sociocultural contexts are used. The research inputs were jurisprudential and doctrinal review and scientific databases; The current judicial system in Colombia regarding the application of the sentence referring to crimes against economic patrimony is not in accordance with the model of the Social Democratic State and of Law and a contrario sensu leads to an unconstitutional state of affairs that violates human rights and it deviates from the purposes of the penalty that the guarantee model of the constitutional State in exercise of the ius puniendi tends. Which leads to suggest that other ways of exercising justice be implemented such as conciliation, mediation, abnormal forms of conflict termination, to try not to apply criminal law, as the first mechanism to deal with crime in order to respect human dignity as guiding principle that has been established in the Political Charter
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Palabras clave
Ius puniendi, Última ratio, Poena forensis, Conducta punible, Teorías eclécticas, Ius puniendi, Ultima ratio, Poena forensis, Punishable conduct, Eclectic theories
