Garantías para acceder a cargos de elección popular en Colombia. Una mirada desde la sentencia no. 2014-00360 de noviembre 15 de 2017, consejo de estado
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Rodríguez Jiménez, Jeniffer Claudet
Maldonado Rodríguez, Diana Carolina
Badrán Herrera, Lincoln Andrés
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El artículo 1° de la Constitución Política de 1991 esgrime que nuestro país colombiano es un Estado Social de Derecho, constituido por una serie de valores como lo son el respeto a la dignidad humana, el trabajo, la solidaridad, la prevalencia del interés general, entro otros, lo que consecuencialmente hace que se propicie un Estado democrático, participativo y pluralista. En ese sentido, los procesos de fortalecimiento del Estado de Derecho en el campo internacional han significativamente optimizado el quehacer de la democracia, ello también gracias a que la Carta Democrática Interamericana se convirtiera en un instrumento trascendental para la consecución de la responsabilidad internacional por parte de los Estados americanos, trayendo consigo la garantía del ejercicio democrático en cada uno de sus territorios. La democracia es el mecanismo en donde se concreta tanto el derecho fundamental de elegir y ser elegido, como las decisiones colectivas, esto se convierte en la columna vertebral del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos porque esencialmente permite que la ciudadanía sea partícipe en el ejercicio del poder, participación que puede darse de manera directa o mediante la democracia participativa, así como también puede darse de manera indirecta, es decir, mediante la democracia representativa, que es precisamente el tema central a debatir dentro del presente estudio.
Tanto la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos como la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos han establecido que los derechos políticos le dan vigor al ejercicio democrático, atendiendo el pluralismo político contemplado en la Norma Superior, lo que se convierte en un fin en sí mismo y a su vez en un medio crucial con el que cuenta la soberanía democrática en pro de la garantía de los demás derechos establecidos en los citados tratados internacionales, por lo que surge necesario que el Estado tenga en cuenta las medidas positivas para garantizar que todo aspirante a cargos públicos de elección popular se le brinde tanto la posibilidad real de desplegar sus derechos políticos cuando formalmente sea titular de ellos y las garantías mínimas y prácticas que revisten de legitimidad las funciones públicas y políticas.
Article 1 of the 1991 Political Constitution states that our Colombian country is a Social State of Law, constituted by a series of values such as respect for human dignity, work, solidarity, the prevalence of the general interest, among others, which consequently promotes a democratic, participatory and pluralistic State. In that sense, the processes of strengthening the rule of law in the international field have significantly optimized the work of democracy, also thanks to the fact that the Inter- American Democratic Charter became a transcendental instrument for the achievement of international responsibility by the American States, bringing with them the guarantee of democratic exercise in each of their territories. Democracy is the mechanism where both the fundamental right to choose and be elected, as well as collective decisions, are realized. This becomes the backbone of the Inter- American Human Rights System because it essentially allows citizens to participate in the exercise of power, participation that can occur directly or through participatory democracy, as well as can occur indirectly, that is, through representative democracy, which is precisely the central issue to be debated within the present study. Both the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the American Convention on Human Rights have established that political rights give vigor to the democratic exercise, taking into account the political pluralism contemplated in the Higher Standard, which becomes an end in itself and in turn in a crucial means that democratic sovereignty has in favor of the guarantee of the other rights established in the aforementioned international treaties, which is why it is necessary for the State to take into account positive measures to guarantee that all candidates for public office popular election is offered both the real possibility of displaying his political rights when he is formally entitled to them and the minimum and practical guarantees that give legitimacy to public and political functions.
Article 1 of the 1991 Political Constitution states that our Colombian country is a Social State of Law, constituted by a series of values such as respect for human dignity, work, solidarity, the prevalence of the general interest, among others, which consequently promotes a democratic, participatory and pluralistic State. In that sense, the processes of strengthening the rule of law in the international field have significantly optimized the work of democracy, also thanks to the fact that the Inter- American Democratic Charter became a transcendental instrument for the achievement of international responsibility by the American States, bringing with them the guarantee of democratic exercise in each of their territories. Democracy is the mechanism where both the fundamental right to choose and be elected, as well as collective decisions, are realized. This becomes the backbone of the Inter- American Human Rights System because it essentially allows citizens to participate in the exercise of power, participation that can occur directly or through participatory democracy, as well as can occur indirectly, that is, through representative democracy, which is precisely the central issue to be debated within the present study. Both the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the American Convention on Human Rights have established that political rights give vigor to the democratic exercise, taking into account the political pluralism contemplated in the Higher Standard, which becomes an end in itself and in turn in a crucial means that democratic sovereignty has in favor of the guarantee of the other rights established in the aforementioned international treaties, which is why it is necessary for the State to take into account positive measures to guarantee that all candidates for public office popular election is offered both the real possibility of displaying his political rights when he is formally entitled to them and the minimum and practical guarantees that give legitimacy to public and political functions.
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Derechos políticos, Democracia, Soberanía, Pluralismo político, Estado, Tratados internacionales, Voto popular
