Prevalencia y factores de riesgo para detección de nefropatía ambiental en el caribe colombiano en el primer semestre del año 2024
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Vizcaino Figueroa, Zoila Beatriz
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo asociados con la nefropatía
ambiental en El Caribe colombiano durante el primer semestre de 2024, dada la alta
exposición de los trabajadores de campo abierto a condiciones laborales adversas,
agroquímicos y estrés térmico.
Metodología Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional, analítico de corte transversal, con
una muestra de 80 trabajadores en campo abierto. Se analizaron variables
sociodemográficas, hábitos tóxicos, exposición a agroquímicos, consumo de líquidos y
parámetros clínicos y paraclínicos. Los datos fueron procesados mediante pruebas
estadísticas como el modelo de regresión lineal multivariado para identificar factores
asociados con la función renal.
Resultados Los hallazgos mostraron una prevalencia significativa del 43% asociada a
nefropatía ambiental, Los predictores más fuertes de deterioro renal incluyeron la edad, el
trabajo prolongado y el consumo insuficiente de líquidos (<3 litros diarios) los cuales
representan un factor clave en la disfunción renal transitoria observada: jornada laboral
mayor a 6 horas (constructores 90%/ agrícolas 64%), intensidad laboral semanal mayor de
48 horas (constructores 97%/ agrícolas 82%), ingesta de líquidos menor a 3 litros /día
(constructores 66%/ agrícolas 89%) La exposición a agroquímicos representa un factor de
riesgo independiente para trabajadores agrícolas en el 57% debido al uso de abonos y
fertilizantes, no constituye un factor de riesgo para constructores que no reportaron
exposición alguna. Se observaron cambios relevantes en los parámetros urinarios y
renales, incluyendo un aumento en la densidad urinaria, proteinuria y hematuria (p < 0.001),
junto con una disminución de la tasa de filtrado glomerular (p < 0.001).
Objective To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with environmental nephropathy in the Colombian Caribbean during the first half of 2024, given the high exposure of open-field workers to adverse working conditions, agrochemicals, and heat stress. Methodology An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 80 open-field workers. Sociodemographic variables, toxic habits, agrochemical exposure, liquid consumption, and clinical and paraclinical parameters were analyzed. Data were processed using statistical tests such as the multivariate linear regression model to identify factors associated with renal function. Results The findings showed a significant prevalence of 43% associated with environmental nephropathy. The strongest predictors of renal impairment included age, prolonged work hours, and insufficient fluid intake (<3 liters per day), which represent a key factor in the transient renal dysfunction observed: workday longer than 6 hours (90% for construction workers / 64% for agricultural workers), weekly labor intensity greater than 48 hours (97% for construction workers / 82% for agricultural workers), fluid intake of less than 3 liters/day (66% for construction workers / 89% for agricultural workers). Exposure to agrochemicals is an independent risk factor for agricultural workers in 57% due to the use of fertilizers and pesticides, but does not constitute a risk factor for construction workers, who reported no exposure. Relevant changes were observed in urinary and renal parameters, including an increase in urinary density, proteinuria, and hematuria (p < 0.001), along with a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (p < 0.001).
Objective To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with environmental nephropathy in the Colombian Caribbean during the first half of 2024, given the high exposure of open-field workers to adverse working conditions, agrochemicals, and heat stress. Methodology An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 80 open-field workers. Sociodemographic variables, toxic habits, agrochemical exposure, liquid consumption, and clinical and paraclinical parameters were analyzed. Data were processed using statistical tests such as the multivariate linear regression model to identify factors associated with renal function. Results The findings showed a significant prevalence of 43% associated with environmental nephropathy. The strongest predictors of renal impairment included age, prolonged work hours, and insufficient fluid intake (<3 liters per day), which represent a key factor in the transient renal dysfunction observed: workday longer than 6 hours (90% for construction workers / 64% for agricultural workers), weekly labor intensity greater than 48 hours (97% for construction workers / 82% for agricultural workers), fluid intake of less than 3 liters/day (66% for construction workers / 89% for agricultural workers). Exposure to agrochemicals is an independent risk factor for agricultural workers in 57% due to the use of fertilizers and pesticides, but does not constitute a risk factor for construction workers, who reported no exposure. Relevant changes were observed in urinary and renal parameters, including an increase in urinary density, proteinuria, and hematuria (p < 0.001), along with a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (p < 0.001).
Descripción
Palabras clave
Nefropatía ambiental, Enfermedad renal crónica, Exposición a agroquímicos, Deshidratación, Salud Ocupacional, Factores de riesgo
