El acoso laboral en Colombia: afecciones a la salud mental y su valoración en el ámbito penal
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Parejo Mendoza, Silvana Margarita
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Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Antecedentes: Los antecedentes de esta investigación evidencian que el acoso
laboral se ha consolidado como un fenómeno reiterado en distintos entornos
organizacionales en Colombia, afectando la dignidad, estabilidad emocional y salud
mental de los trabajadores (Becerra & Guerrero, 2012).
Introducción: el presente estudio expone la importancia de analizar el acoso
laboral como un riesgo psicosocial complejo que no solo genera deterioro en el bienestar
individual, sino que también compromete el desempeño productivo, el clima
organizacional y el ejercicio pleno de los derechos laborales y humanos (Cárdenas,
2008).
El objetivo general: de la investigación fue analizar el acoso laboral en Colombia,
sus afectaciones en la salud mental y los retos que presenta su valoración en el ámbito
jurídico, con especial énfasis en la aplicación de la Ley 1010 de 2006 y la jurisprudencia
constitucional. De manera complementaria, los objetivos específicos incluyeron
reconocer las principales manifestaciones del acoso laboral, describir sus efectos
psicológicos y examinar los vacíos normativos e institucionales presentes en los
procesos de denuncia, evaluación y sanción.
La metodología: se desarrolló mediante un enfoque cualitativo, sustentado en una
revisión documental sistemática de literatura científica, normativa vigente, jurisprudencia,
investigaciones previas y estudios institucionales relacionados con el acoso laboral y los
riesgos psicosociales. Se seleccionaron y analizaron fuentes académicas y legales
relevantes para identificar patrones, tensiones conceptuales, vacíos jurídicos y
afectaciones psicológicas asociadas al fenómeno.
The antecedents: The antecedents of this research indicate that workplace harassment has become a recurrent phenomenon in various organizational environments in Colombia, affecting workers’ dignity, emotional stability, and mental health (Becerra & Guerrero, 2012). Introduction: This paper discusses workplace harassment, which is a growing problem in Colombia, highlighting repetitive hostile behaviors that degrade theemotional and professional integrity of the victim, such as humiliation, disparagement, isolation, excessive demands, and manipulation. Due toits progressive and silent nature, it has considerable consequences thatare often underestimated and severely affect mental health, the organizational climate, and productivity. This study seeks to analyze this phenomenon from an interdisciplinary perspective, integrating psychological, social, and legal aspects, in order to understand its implications and evaluate the effectiveness of current regulations in Colombia (Cárdenas, 2008). The objective: of this research was to analyze workplace harassment in Colombia, its effects on mental health, and the challenges involved in its legal assessment, with particular focus on the application of Law 1010 of 2006 and relevant constitutional jurisprudence. Additionally, the specific objectives included identifying the main manifestations of workplace harassment, describing its psychological consequences, and examining the normative and institutional gaps that persist in processes of reporting, evaluation, and sanctioning. The methodology: followed a qualitative approach based on a systematic documentary review of scientific literature, current legislation, jurisprudence, previous studies, and institutional reports related to workplace harassment and psychosocial risks. Relevant academic and legal sources were selected and analyzed to identify patterns, conceptual tensions, legal gaps, and psychological impacts associated with the phenomenon.
The antecedents: The antecedents of this research indicate that workplace harassment has become a recurrent phenomenon in various organizational environments in Colombia, affecting workers’ dignity, emotional stability, and mental health (Becerra & Guerrero, 2012). Introduction: This paper discusses workplace harassment, which is a growing problem in Colombia, highlighting repetitive hostile behaviors that degrade theemotional and professional integrity of the victim, such as humiliation, disparagement, isolation, excessive demands, and manipulation. Due toits progressive and silent nature, it has considerable consequences thatare often underestimated and severely affect mental health, the organizational climate, and productivity. This study seeks to analyze this phenomenon from an interdisciplinary perspective, integrating psychological, social, and legal aspects, in order to understand its implications and evaluate the effectiveness of current regulations in Colombia (Cárdenas, 2008). The objective: of this research was to analyze workplace harassment in Colombia, its effects on mental health, and the challenges involved in its legal assessment, with particular focus on the application of Law 1010 of 2006 and relevant constitutional jurisprudence. Additionally, the specific objectives included identifying the main manifestations of workplace harassment, describing its psychological consequences, and examining the normative and institutional gaps that persist in processes of reporting, evaluation, and sanctioning. The methodology: followed a qualitative approach based on a systematic documentary review of scientific literature, current legislation, jurisprudence, previous studies, and institutional reports related to workplace harassment and psychosocial risks. Relevant academic and legal sources were selected and analyzed to identify patterns, conceptual tensions, legal gaps, and psychological impacts associated with the phenomenon.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Acoso laboral, Salud mental, Riesgos psicosociales, Valoración jurídica, Daño psicológico, Ley 1010 de 2006, Violencia organizacional
