Comportamiento epidemiológico de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y sus factores de riesgo en pacientes adultos en la consulta externa del Hospital Básico de Paute, Azuay - Ecuador
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Fecha
2018-07-15
Autores
Palacio Rojas, Marcos
Bermúdez, Valmore
Hernández Lalinde, Juan
Ajila Vacacela, José
Peñaloza Buele, Yasmín
Aguirre Carrión, Carlos
Chacho Uyaguari, Johanna
Medina Apolo, Alexander
González Morocho, Maritza
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Editor
Sociedad Latinoamericana de Hipertención
Resumen
Introducción: La Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) es una
enfermedad crónica no trasmisible que constituye un problema
de salud pública, estudios epidemiológicos indican
un aumento considerable de la prevalencia a nivel mundial,
lo cual representa una elevada tasa de morbimortalidad
para la población en general.
Objetivo: Determinar el comportamiento epidemiológico
de la diabetes tipo 2 y sus factores de riesgo en pacientes
de la consulta de medicina general del Hospital Básico de
Paute (HBP).
Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal
donde se seleccionaron a través de un muestreo
no aleatorio, por conveniencia, a 135 pacientes, quienes
acudieron a la consulta de medicina general del HBP entre
agosto 2016 y enero 2017. Se aplicó un instrumento de
recolección de datos mediante una entrevista estructurada,
examen físico y laboratorio. Las variables cualitativas
fueron expresadas en frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Se
aplicó la prueba de Chi cuadrado para determinar la asociación
entre variables, así como análisis multivariante para
determinar los factores de riesgo. Considerando los resultados
estadísticamente significativos un valor de p<0,05.
Resultados: El 40% de los pacientes correspondió al
grupo etario de 18 a 35 años, con mayor porcentaje del
sexo femenino (74,1%) y con un 51,9% de procedencia
urbana; del total de la muestra, se observó un 63% de
sobrepeso u obesidad, observándose que 52 pacientes
presentaron DM2, representando un 38,5% del total de
la muestra. Los factores de riesgo para DM2 encontrados
fueron el sexo (OR=3,13; IC95%: 1,07-9,18; p=0,038),
hipotiroidismo (OR=7,75; IC95%: 1,42-42,21; p=0,018),
sedentarismo (OR=6,61; IC95%: 1,34-32,59; p=0,020), sobrepeso
(OR=6,63; IC95%: 1,60-27,43; p=0,009), obesidad
(OR=5,88; IC95%: 1,33-25,89; p=0,019), edad (OR=1,08;
IC95%: 1,03-1,13; p=0,001), nivel de colesterol sérico
(OR=1,02; IC95%: 1,01-1,03; p=0,018) y la presión arterial
media (OR=1,07; IC95%: 1,02-1,10; p=0,005).
Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a non communicable chronic disease that constitutes a public health problem, epidemiological studies indicate a considerable increase in prevalence worldwide, which represents a high rate of associated morbidity and mortality for the population in general. Objective: To determine the epidemiological behavior of type 2 diabetes and its risk factors in patients of the general medical practice of the Basic Hospital of Paute (HBP). Methodology: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, in which 135 patients were selected through non-random sampling of convenience, that attended the general practice of the HBP between August 2016 and January 2017. A questionnaire was applied during a structured interview as well as physical examination and laboratory tests were performed. The qualitative variables were expressed in absolute and relative frequencies. The Chi square test was applied to determine the association between variables, and multivariate analysis was used to determine the risk factors. Considering the results statistically significant when p<0.05. Results: 40% of the patients corresponded to the age group of 18 to 35 years, with a higher percentage of females (74.1%) and 51.9% of urban origin; of the total sample, 63% were obese or overweight, observing that 52 patients presented DM2, representing 38.5% of the total sample. The risk factors found for DM2 were: sex (OR=3.13; CI95%: 1.07-9.18; p=0.038), hypothyroidism (OR=7.75; CI95%: 1.42-42.21; p=0.018), sedentary lifestyle (OR=6.61; CI95%: 1.34-32.59; p=0.020), overweight (OR=6.63; CI95%: 1.60-27.43; p=0.009), obesity (OR=5.88; CI95%: 1.33-25.89; p=0.019), age (OR=1.08; CI95%: 1.03-1.13; p=0.001), serum cholesterol level (OR=1.02; CI95%: 1.01-1.03; p=0.018) and mean arterial pressure (OR=1.07; CI95%: 1.02-1.10; p=0.005).
Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a non communicable chronic disease that constitutes a public health problem, epidemiological studies indicate a considerable increase in prevalence worldwide, which represents a high rate of associated morbidity and mortality for the population in general. Objective: To determine the epidemiological behavior of type 2 diabetes and its risk factors in patients of the general medical practice of the Basic Hospital of Paute (HBP). Methodology: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, in which 135 patients were selected through non-random sampling of convenience, that attended the general practice of the HBP between August 2016 and January 2017. A questionnaire was applied during a structured interview as well as physical examination and laboratory tests were performed. The qualitative variables were expressed in absolute and relative frequencies. The Chi square test was applied to determine the association between variables, and multivariate analysis was used to determine the risk factors. Considering the results statistically significant when p<0.05. Results: 40% of the patients corresponded to the age group of 18 to 35 years, with a higher percentage of females (74.1%) and 51.9% of urban origin; of the total sample, 63% were obese or overweight, observing that 52 patients presented DM2, representing 38.5% of the total sample. The risk factors found for DM2 were: sex (OR=3.13; CI95%: 1.07-9.18; p=0.038), hypothyroidism (OR=7.75; CI95%: 1.42-42.21; p=0.018), sedentary lifestyle (OR=6.61; CI95%: 1.34-32.59; p=0.020), overweight (OR=6.63; CI95%: 1.60-27.43; p=0.009), obesity (OR=5.88; CI95%: 1.33-25.89; p=0.019), age (OR=1.08; CI95%: 1.03-1.13; p=0.001), serum cholesterol level (OR=1.02; CI95%: 1.01-1.03; p=0.018) and mean arterial pressure (OR=1.07; CI95%: 1.02-1.10; p=0.005).
Descripción
Palabras clave
Obesidad, Dislipidemia, Factores de riesgo, Diabetes tipo 2, Hipertensión arterial, Obesity, Dyslipidemia, Risk factors, Type 2 diabetes, Arterial hypertension