Intervención desde el modelo cognitivo comportamental en un paciente con trastorno depresivo persistente en comorbilidad con el trastorno por consumo de opiáceos moderado y rasgos de personalidad evitativo: un estudio de caso
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Márquez Toledo, Layma Liliana
Moya Fula, Milena María
Narváez Rodríguez, Sayuris Teresa
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La depresión se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública que afecta a millones de personas a nivel mundial generando una carga de discapacidad, alto costo en su tratamiento y presencia de comorbilidad con otros problemas de salud mental que pueden afectar la calidad de vida de las personas. El presente estudio de caso permite describir el proceso de intervención desde el modelo cognitivo comportamental en un paciente con Trastorno Depresivo Persistente en comorbilidad con el Trastorno por Consumo de Opiáceos Moderado y Rasgos de Personalidad Evitativo. El proceso de intervención se llevó a cabo en 5 sesiones constituidas por la evaluación clínica, recopilación de información, diseño y plan de intervención y análisis de resultados. Se utilizaron los inventarios de depresión y ansiedad de Beck para la evaluación de los problemas de salud mental y técnicas cognitivas como la reestructuración cognitiva, psicoeducación, entrenamiento en resolución de problemas, afrontamiento directivo y técnicas conductuales como el cambio de conductas alternas y activación conductual. Dentro de los resultados obtenidos se logró fortalecer la conciencia de enfermedad por parte del paciente, así mismo, reducción del deseo de consumir a través del despliegue de las conductas alternas, se percibió la mejora de la autoestima, el autoconcepto y la autoeficacia frente a sus problemas. Se estabilizó el estado del ánimo de tipo depresivo y se entrenó en prevención de recaídas. Los resultados hasta aquí expuestos pretenden que puedan ser guía y ejemplo para intervenir en la práctica clínica de casos similares desde el modelo, así mismo, es importante seguir trabajando en la evaluación, intervención, diagnóstico y promoción de la salud mental desde ejercicios basados en la evidencia y efectividad del modelo.
Depression has become a public health problem that affects millions of people worldwide, generating a burden of disability, high cost in its treatment and presence of comorbidity with other mental health problems that can affect the quality of life of people. The aim of this case study was to describe the intervention process from the cognitive-behavioral model in a patient with Persistent Depressive Disorder in comorbidity with Moderate Opiate Use Disorder and Avoidant Personality Traits. The intervention process was carried out in 5 sessions consisting of clinical assessment, data collection, intervention design and plan, and analysis of results. Beck depression and anxiety inventories were used for the evaluation of mental health problems and cognitive techniques such as cognitive restructuring, psychoeducation, problem-solving training, directive coping and behavioral techniques such as alternative behavior change and behavioral activation. Among the results obtained, the patient's awareness of the disease was strengthened, as well as the reduction of the desire to consume through the deployment of alternative behaviors, the improvement of self-esteem, self-concept, and self-efficacy in the face of their problems was perceived. The depressive mood was stabilized, and relapse prevention training was provided. The results presented here are intended to serve as a guide and example to intervene in the clinical practice of similar cases from the model, likewise, it is important to continue working on the evaluation, intervention, diagnosis, and promotion of mental health from exercises based on the evidence and effectiveness of the model.
Depression has become a public health problem that affects millions of people worldwide, generating a burden of disability, high cost in its treatment and presence of comorbidity with other mental health problems that can affect the quality of life of people. The aim of this case study was to describe the intervention process from the cognitive-behavioral model in a patient with Persistent Depressive Disorder in comorbidity with Moderate Opiate Use Disorder and Avoidant Personality Traits. The intervention process was carried out in 5 sessions consisting of clinical assessment, data collection, intervention design and plan, and analysis of results. Beck depression and anxiety inventories were used for the evaluation of mental health problems and cognitive techniques such as cognitive restructuring, psychoeducation, problem-solving training, directive coping and behavioral techniques such as alternative behavior change and behavioral activation. Among the results obtained, the patient's awareness of the disease was strengthened, as well as the reduction of the desire to consume through the deployment of alternative behaviors, the improvement of self-esteem, self-concept, and self-efficacy in the face of their problems was perceived. The depressive mood was stabilized, and relapse prevention training was provided. The results presented here are intended to serve as a guide and example to intervene in the clinical practice of similar cases from the model, likewise, it is important to continue working on the evaluation, intervention, diagnosis, and promotion of mental health from exercises based on the evidence and effectiveness of the model.
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Trastorno depresivo persistente, Dependencia, Opiáceos, Personalidad evitativa, Salud mental, Modelo cognitivo conductual, Intervención