Mecanismos de protección a la restitución de tierras como derecho fundamental para víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Laguado García, Moisés David
Sandoval Calderón, Samuel David
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El Estado colombiano desde 1964 ha sufrido un conflicto armado interno; Lo cual, lleva dejando millones de personas víctimas debido a este. Esta problemática social que desarrolla por medio de diferentes violaciones a los derechos humanos, como lo es la violación sexual, la desaparición forzada, homicidio, amenazas, secuestros, desplazamiento forzado, entre muchas otras maneras. Sin embargo, el presente artículo se centró en el abandono y despojo de tierras que han sufrido las víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia tal como lo hace saber. Las cuales deben ser reparadas, tal como lo dispone la corte constitucional en la sentencia SU 648-17, al referirse a la restitución de tierras como un derecho fundamental y la responsabilidad estatal existe en el hecho de que debe restablecer a la víctima al estado anterior, antes del hecho victimizante que lo llevo a despojarse y abandonar sus tierras, visto como garantía al cumplimiento de su derecho fundamental; por lo cual, se abordó desde la metodología de Martínez Migueles, pretendiendo que desde el análisis documental determinar aquellos mecanismos que velan por el velan por el cumplimiento de este derecho fundamental. Entre lo cual se puede destacar, la creación de la Unidad de Victimas por medio de la ley 1448 de 2011, congreso de la república que se le da la facultad de realizar las gestiones correspondientes a la garantía de los derechos de las víctimas, entre el cual se encuentra la subdivisión de la Unidad de Restitución de Tierras. Además, al darle la connotación de derecho fundamental se generó la oportunidad de acudir a la acción de tutela, cuando se violente este derecho fundamental. Estas estrategias que ha tenido el estado han tenido dos perspectivas, nacionalmente se considera que es una labor que no tendrá un fin por la etapa del conflicto y que esta labor tiene diferentes falencias; sin embargo, internacionalmente, Colombia es alagada por hacer este proceso de restitución de tierras durante la etapa del conflicto
Since 1964, the Colombian State has suffered an internal armed conflict, which has left millions of victims. This social problem develops through different human rights violations, such as rape, forced disappearance, homicide, threats, kidnappings, forced displacement, among many other ways. However, this article focused on the abandonment and dispossession of land suffered by the victims of the armed conflict in Colombia as it makes it known. Which must be repaired, as provided by the constitutional court in the sentence SU 648-17, referring to the restitution of land as a fundamental right and the state responsibility exists in the fact that it must restore the victim to the previous state, before the victimizing event that led him to dispossess and abandon their land, seen as a guarantee to the fulfillment of their fundamental right; therefore, it was approached from the methodology of Martínez Migueles, pretending that from the documentary analysis to determine those mechanisms that ensure compliance with this fundamental right. Among which can be highlighted, the creation of the Victims Unit by means of law 1448 of 2011, congress of the republic which is given the power to carry out the steps corresponding to the guarantee of the rights of the victims, among which is the subdivision of the Land Restitution Unit. In addition, by giving it the connotation of a fundamental right, the opportunity was generated to resort to the tutela action, when this fundamental right is violated. These strategies of the state have had two perspectives, nationally it is considered that it is a work that will not have an end due to the stage of the conflict and that this work has different shortcomings; however, internationally, Colombia is praised for carrying out this process of land restitution during the stage of the conflict.
Since 1964, the Colombian State has suffered an internal armed conflict, which has left millions of victims. This social problem develops through different human rights violations, such as rape, forced disappearance, homicide, threats, kidnappings, forced displacement, among many other ways. However, this article focused on the abandonment and dispossession of land suffered by the victims of the armed conflict in Colombia as it makes it known. Which must be repaired, as provided by the constitutional court in the sentence SU 648-17, referring to the restitution of land as a fundamental right and the state responsibility exists in the fact that it must restore the victim to the previous state, before the victimizing event that led him to dispossess and abandon their land, seen as a guarantee to the fulfillment of their fundamental right; therefore, it was approached from the methodology of Martínez Migueles, pretending that from the documentary analysis to determine those mechanisms that ensure compliance with this fundamental right. Among which can be highlighted, the creation of the Victims Unit by means of law 1448 of 2011, congress of the republic which is given the power to carry out the steps corresponding to the guarantee of the rights of the victims, among which is the subdivision of the Land Restitution Unit. In addition, by giving it the connotation of a fundamental right, the opportunity was generated to resort to the tutela action, when this fundamental right is violated. These strategies of the state have had two perspectives, nationally it is considered that it is a work that will not have an end due to the stage of the conflict and that this work has different shortcomings; however, internationally, Colombia is praised for carrying out this process of land restitution during the stage of the conflict.
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Palabras clave
Restitución de tierras, Víctimas, Conflicto armado, Responsabilidad estatal, Land restitution, Victims, Armed conflict, State responsibility
