Intervención desde el modelo cognitivo-comportamental para el tratamiento de la esquizofrenia y afectación del estado del ánimo depresivo en un paciente inimputable
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Ortiz Solorzano, Alejandro José
Petro Mejía, Desiré del Cristo
Arrieta de Ávila, Karen Cecilia
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La inimputabilidad es un concepto ampliamente estudiado desde la psicología forense, que se refiere a la capacidad de una persona para ser considerada legalmente responsable de sus actos. En el contexto de pacientes psiquiátricos, la inimputabilidad adquiere una dimensión particular debido a la influencia de trastornos mentales graves en la comprensión y control del comportamiento. En este sentido, el presente estudio de caso fue realizado a un paciente masculino de 32 años, bajo la categoría de inimputable, mediante el modelo de intervención cognitivo comportamental, quien se encuentra diagnosticado con trastorno por consumo de cannabis en remisión, distimia y esquizofrenia. Se implementó un plan de intervención de10 sesiones terapéuticas desde el modelo cognitivo comportamental gracias a su eficacia comprobada en el abordaje de diferentes trastornos, con la intención de obtener mejoría significativa en la sintomatología presente. El proceso contempló el encuadre terapéutico, el establecimiento del rapport, la evaluación utilizando pruebas psicológicas, el establecimiento de objetivos que facilitaron la escogencia y aplicación de técnicas de intervención como el cuestionamiento socrático, activación conductual y psicoeducación. Se utilizaron pruebas psicológica para medir el estado actual de la sintomatología asociada a los trastornos, mediante las escalas la Escala de Hamilton para la Depresión (HAM-D), la Escala de Evaluación de Síntomas Positivos y Negativos (PANSS) y el Cuestionario de Evaluación del Trastorno de Consumo de Sustancias (SUDS). Teniendo en cuenta el plan de intervención diseñado se logró el abordaje de las problemáticas y la disminución de la sintomatología, al igual que una mejoría en la funcionalidad y estado de ánimo del paciente. Los objetivos para este estudio de caso se basaron en la reducción
de sentimientos de desesperanza y la modificación de esquemas mal adaptativos, logrando una mejora significativa y un incremento en la conciencia de la enfermedad, sobre la esquizofrenia y la depresión, al igual que el paciente se integrara nuevamente en actividades enriquecedoras para su proceso, demostrando que las intervenciones fundamentadas en el modelo cognitivo comportamental demuestran eficacia para el beneficio de la salud mental y adecuación de las funciones del paciente.
Inimputability is a concept extensively studied within forensic psychology, referring to a person’s capacity to be legally responsible for their actions. In the context of psychiatric patients, inimputability takes on a particular dimension due to the influence of severe mental disorders on understanding and controlling behavior. In this sense, the present case study was conducted with a 32-year-old male patient categorized as inimputable, using a cognitive-behavioral intervention model. The patient was diagnosed with cannabis use disorder in remission, dysthymia, and schizophrenia. An intervention plan consisting of 10 therapeutic sessions based on the cognitive-behavioral model was implemented, due to its proven effectiveness in addressing various disorders, with the aim of achieving significant improvement in the existing symptoms. The process included therapeutic framing, rapport building, evaluation using psychological tests, setting goals which facilitated the selection and application of intervention techniques such as Socratic questioning, behavioral activation, and psychoeducation. Psychological tests were used to measure the current state of symptoms associated with the disorders, employing scales such as the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and the Substance Use Disorder Assessment Questionnaire (SUDS). Based on the designed intervention plan, the issues were addressed, and symptomatology decreased, along with improvements in the patient's functionality and mood. The objectives for this case study were focused on reducing feelings of hopelessness and modifying maladaptive schemas, achieving significant improvement and increased awareness of schizophrenia and depression, as well as the patient reintegrating into enriching activities for their process. This demonstrates that interventions based on the cognitive-behavioral model are effective for benefiting mental health and improving patient functioning.
Inimputability is a concept extensively studied within forensic psychology, referring to a person’s capacity to be legally responsible for their actions. In the context of psychiatric patients, inimputability takes on a particular dimension due to the influence of severe mental disorders on understanding and controlling behavior. In this sense, the present case study was conducted with a 32-year-old male patient categorized as inimputable, using a cognitive-behavioral intervention model. The patient was diagnosed with cannabis use disorder in remission, dysthymia, and schizophrenia. An intervention plan consisting of 10 therapeutic sessions based on the cognitive-behavioral model was implemented, due to its proven effectiveness in addressing various disorders, with the aim of achieving significant improvement in the existing symptoms. The process included therapeutic framing, rapport building, evaluation using psychological tests, setting goals which facilitated the selection and application of intervention techniques such as Socratic questioning, behavioral activation, and psychoeducation. Psychological tests were used to measure the current state of symptoms associated with the disorders, employing scales such as the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and the Substance Use Disorder Assessment Questionnaire (SUDS). Based on the designed intervention plan, the issues were addressed, and symptomatology decreased, along with improvements in the patient's functionality and mood. The objectives for this case study were focused on reducing feelings of hopelessness and modifying maladaptive schemas, achieving significant improvement and increased awareness of schizophrenia and depression, as well as the patient reintegrating into enriching activities for their process. This demonstrates that interventions based on the cognitive-behavioral model are effective for benefiting mental health and improving patient functioning.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Distimia, Esquizofrenia, Paciente Inimputable, Estudio de Caso, Intervención
