Estrés laboral, calidad del sueño y síntomas osteomusculares en trabajadores de la Costa Caribe Colombiana
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Medina Hernández, Maira Alexandra
Polo Rivera, Yaira Marcela
Rodríguez Cervantes, Laurens Del Carmen
Yepes Perez, Gina Paola
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Objetivo: Determinar los indicadores de riesgo asociados a Estrés Laboral, Calidad
del Sueño y Síntomas Osteomusculares en trabajadores de la Costa Caribe
Colombiana. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal aplicado a 101 trabajadores de cuatro compañías pertenecientes a diferentes sectores comerciales. Estas empresas son la Clínica de la Costa, Clínica la misericordia, la ONG AID FOR AIDS Colombia (dedicadas al sector salud) y la empresa de servicio al cliente y comercio SGR, Caribeña SAS. Para medir Estrés Laboral se utilizó el cuestionario (MBI), el cual está constituido por 22 ítems en forma de afirmaciones, sobre los sentimientos y actitudes del profesional en su trabajo. Para medir la Calidad del sueño se utilizó el Cuestionario de Pittsburgh, el cual consta de 19 preguntas autoevaluadas y cinco preguntas secundarias para ser respondidas. Las puntuaciones de las 19 preguntas autoevaluadas se suman de forma no lineal para obtener siete componentes que incluyen calidad subjetiva del sueño, latencia del sueño, duración del sueño, eficiencia habitual del sueño, alteraciones del sueño, uso de medicamentos para dormir y disfunción diurna y para la sintomatología osteomuscular se utilizó el Cuestionario Nórdico de Kuorinka. Este cuestionario indaga sobre las molestias musculoesqueléticas en 9 regiones corporales: hombros, codos, muñecas, cadera/muslo, rodillas, pie/tobillos, cuello, región dorsal y región lumbar. Incluye, entre otras, preguntas acerca de las molestias en los últimos 12 meses y 7 días, los cambios de puesto de trabajo, la interferencia en las actividades laborales, tratamiento recibido por estas molestias en los últimos 12 meses y la intensidad del dolor en los últimos 7 días. Se ha reportado un coeficiente de correlación intraclase de 0,99. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS versión 29 (Licencia de la Universidad Simón Bolívar); se realizaron análisis estadísticos univariados y bivariados de los datos. Las variables categóricas se presentan en
frecuencias absolutas y relativas, y para las cuantitativas se emplea la media y la
desviación estándar. Resultados: En cuanto a las variables sociodemográficas, se encontró que la mayor población estudiada son mujeres, equivalentes a un 57,4% de la muestra y que la edad de mayor prevalencia es de 25 a 30 años con el 25,7%. Por otra parte, a pesar de que la mayoría de los trabajadores manifestaron que la fatiga muscular se refleja pocas veces al año o menos (25,7%) y que se sienten activos todos los días en su actividad laboral (46,5%), se encontró que la calidad del sueño es bastante mala ( 25,7%) y que la población estudiada refiere no medicarse para dormir (82%). Respecto a los síntomas músculo-tendinosos, dentro de los estudiados se destacan las molestias en cuello (37,6%), muñeca (36%), espalda baja región lumbar en los últimos meses (24,8%). Por último y para destacar, se encontró durante este estudio que dos de las cuatro empresas no cuentan con un sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud, con un sí de
78,2% y un no con un 21,8%. Conclusión: Dentro de las conclusiones procedentes de esta investigación destacan varios aspectos cruciales, como lo es la relación significativa entre el estrés laboral y la calidad del sueño, así como la presencia de molestias musculares y tendinosas, mayormente a nivel del cuello y región lumbar. Esto sugiere que el estrés laboral no solo implica consecuencias psicológicas sino también físicas que pueden impactar el rendimiento de los trabajadores, llevándolos a sensaciones de fatiga e insatisfacción laboral.
Objective: Determine the risk indicators associated with Work Stress, Sleep Quality and Osteomuscular Symptoms in workers on the Colombian Caribbean Coast. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study applied to 101 workers from four companies belonging to different commercial sectors. These companies are Clínica de la Costa, Clínica la Misericordia, the NGO AID FOR AIDS Colombia (dedicated to the health sector) and the customer service and trade company SGR, Caribeña SAS. To measure Work Stress, the questionnaire (MBI) was used, which is made up of 22 items in the form of statements about the professional's feelings and attitudes in their work. To measure Sleep Quality, the Pittsburgh Questionnaire was used, which consists of 19 self-assessed questions and five secondary questions to be answered. Scores from the 19 self-rated questions are summed nonlinearly to obtain seven components including subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, sleep medication use, and daytime dysfunction. For musculoskeletal symptoms, the Kuorinka Nordic Questionnaire was used. This questionnaire inquires about musculoskeletal discomfort in 9 body regions: shoulders, elbows, wrists, hip/thigh, knees, foot/ankles, neck, dorsal region and lumbar region. It includes, among others, questions about discomfort in the last 12 months and 7 days, job changes, interference with work activities, treatment received for these discomforts in the last 12 months, and the intensity of pain in the muscles. last 7 days. An intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.99 has been reported. For data analysis, the statistical program SPSS version 29 (License from the Simón Bolívar University) was used; Univariate and bivariate statistical analyzes of the data were performed. Categorical variables are presented in absolute and relative frequencies, and for quantitative variables the mean and standard deviation are used. Results: Regarding the sociodemographic variables, it was found that the largest population studied is women, equivalent to 57.4% of the sample and that the highest prevalence age is 25 to 30 years with 25.7%. On the other hand, despite the fact that the majority of workers stated that muscle fatigue occurs a few times a year or less (25.7%) and that they feel active every day in their work activity (46.5%). , it was found that the quality of sleep is quite poor (25.7%) and that the population studied reports not taking medication to sleep (82%). Regarding muscle-tendon symptoms, among those studied, discomfort in the neck (37.6%), wrist (36%), and lower back lumbar region in recent months (24.8%) stands out. Finally and to highlight, it was found during this study that two of the four companies do not have a health and safety management system, with a yes of 78.2% and a no of 21.8%. Conclusion: Among the conclusions from this research, several crucial aspects stand out, such as the significant relationship between work stress and sleep quality, as well as the presence of muscle and tendon discomfort, mostly at the level of the neck and lumbar region. This suggests that work stress not only implies psychological but also physical consequences that can impact workers' performance, leading them to feelings of fatigue and job dissatisfaction.
Objective: Determine the risk indicators associated with Work Stress, Sleep Quality and Osteomuscular Symptoms in workers on the Colombian Caribbean Coast. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study applied to 101 workers from four companies belonging to different commercial sectors. These companies are Clínica de la Costa, Clínica la Misericordia, the NGO AID FOR AIDS Colombia (dedicated to the health sector) and the customer service and trade company SGR, Caribeña SAS. To measure Work Stress, the questionnaire (MBI) was used, which is made up of 22 items in the form of statements about the professional's feelings and attitudes in their work. To measure Sleep Quality, the Pittsburgh Questionnaire was used, which consists of 19 self-assessed questions and five secondary questions to be answered. Scores from the 19 self-rated questions are summed nonlinearly to obtain seven components including subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, sleep medication use, and daytime dysfunction. For musculoskeletal symptoms, the Kuorinka Nordic Questionnaire was used. This questionnaire inquires about musculoskeletal discomfort in 9 body regions: shoulders, elbows, wrists, hip/thigh, knees, foot/ankles, neck, dorsal region and lumbar region. It includes, among others, questions about discomfort in the last 12 months and 7 days, job changes, interference with work activities, treatment received for these discomforts in the last 12 months, and the intensity of pain in the muscles. last 7 days. An intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.99 has been reported. For data analysis, the statistical program SPSS version 29 (License from the Simón Bolívar University) was used; Univariate and bivariate statistical analyzes of the data were performed. Categorical variables are presented in absolute and relative frequencies, and for quantitative variables the mean and standard deviation are used. Results: Regarding the sociodemographic variables, it was found that the largest population studied is women, equivalent to 57.4% of the sample and that the highest prevalence age is 25 to 30 years with 25.7%. On the other hand, despite the fact that the majority of workers stated that muscle fatigue occurs a few times a year or less (25.7%) and that they feel active every day in their work activity (46.5%). , it was found that the quality of sleep is quite poor (25.7%) and that the population studied reports not taking medication to sleep (82%). Regarding muscle-tendon symptoms, among those studied, discomfort in the neck (37.6%), wrist (36%), and lower back lumbar region in recent months (24.8%) stands out. Finally and to highlight, it was found during this study that two of the four companies do not have a health and safety management system, with a yes of 78.2% and a no of 21.8%. Conclusion: Among the conclusions from this research, several crucial aspects stand out, such as the significant relationship between work stress and sleep quality, as well as the presence of muscle and tendon discomfort, mostly at the level of the neck and lumbar region. This suggests that work stress not only implies psychological but also physical consequences that can impact workers' performance, leading them to feelings of fatigue and job dissatisfaction.
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Palabras clave
Estrés laboral, Calidad del sueño, Sistema osteomuscular, Salud de los trabajadores, Work stress, Sleep quality, Musculoskeletal system, Worker health
