Siniestros viales en Colombia desde la mirada de la criminología vial
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Hernández Pacheco, Carolina Stefanny
Mendoza Maza, Vanessa Margarita
Orozco Vergel, Mishelle
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La presente investigación se centra en el análisis de los siniestros viales ocurridos en Colombia durante los años 2018 a 2022 desde la perspectiva de la Criminología Vial, para este propósito se implementa una metodología cualitativa bajo el método inductivo y el paradigma histórico hermenéutico. Además, se aplica la técnica de revisión documental y análisis de texto, realizando consulta de recursos bibliográficos para interpretar las cifras del fenómeno de la siniestralidad vial en el contexto colombiano en los años de interés de acuerdo a la teoría de la anomia y el control social, hallando que, si bien las estadísticas muestran una disminución general en el número de siniestros viales, existe una tendencia al aumento de víctimas fatales, así mismo, se identifican factores criminógenos internos y externos que predisponen a los individuos a la comisión de conductas riesgosas.
Así, la presente investigación permite concluir el aporte que tiene la criminología vial en la comprensión del fenómeno de estudio, no solo centrándose en su génesis, sino también aportando en la creación de políticas públicas y estrategias de promoción acerca de medidas educativas y preventivas orientadas a cambiar comportamientos imprudentes y reducir la incidencia de siniestros. Igualmente, se busca que se sancione adecuadamente a quienes infringen las normas de tránsito, por medio de penas proporcionales al riesgo generado, buscando no solo castigar sino también prevenir posibles reincidencias de estas conductas, ello, permitirá construir sociedades con movilidad segura y responsable, donde el principal interés sea garantizar la integridad y la vida misma.
This research focuses on the analysis of road accidents that occurred in Colombia during the years 2018 to 2022 from the perspective of Road Criminology, for this purpose a qualitative methodology is implemented under the inductive method and the hermeneutic historical paradigm. In addition, the technique of documentary review and text analysis is applied, consulting bibliographic resources to interpret the figures of the phenomenon of road accidents in the Colombian context in the years of interest according to the theory of anomie and social control, finding that, although the statistics show a general decrease in the number of road accidents, There is a tendency to increase the number of fatalities, likewise, internal and external criminogenic factors are identified that predispose individuals to the commission of risky behaviors. Thus, the present research allows us to conclude the contribution that road criminology has in the understanding of the phenomenon under study, not only focusing on its genesis, but also contributing to the creation of public policies and promotion strategies on educational and preventive measures aimed at changing reckless behaviors and reducing the incidence of accidents. Likewise, it seeks to adequately sanction those who violate traffic rules, through penalties proportional to the risk generated, seeking not only to punish but also to prevent possible recurrences of these behaviors, this, will allow the construction of societies with safe and responsible mobility, where the main interest is to guarantee integrity and life itself.
This research focuses on the analysis of road accidents that occurred in Colombia during the years 2018 to 2022 from the perspective of Road Criminology, for this purpose a qualitative methodology is implemented under the inductive method and the hermeneutic historical paradigm. In addition, the technique of documentary review and text analysis is applied, consulting bibliographic resources to interpret the figures of the phenomenon of road accidents in the Colombian context in the years of interest according to the theory of anomie and social control, finding that, although the statistics show a general decrease in the number of road accidents, There is a tendency to increase the number of fatalities, likewise, internal and external criminogenic factors are identified that predispose individuals to the commission of risky behaviors. Thus, the present research allows us to conclude the contribution that road criminology has in the understanding of the phenomenon under study, not only focusing on its genesis, but also contributing to the creation of public policies and promotion strategies on educational and preventive measures aimed at changing reckless behaviors and reducing the incidence of accidents. Likewise, it seeks to adequately sanction those who violate traffic rules, through penalties proportional to the risk generated, seeking not only to punish but also to prevent possible recurrences of these behaviors, this, will allow the construction of societies with safe and responsible mobility, where the main interest is to guarantee integrity and life itself.
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Palabras clave
conductor infractor, criminología vial, factores criminógenos, seguridad vial
