Implicaciones penales derivadas de los delitos ambientales cometidos en el Vía Parque Isla Salamanca durante los años 2018-2020
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Fince Mejía, José Enrique
Pérez Ramos, Leila Vanessa
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La Vía Parque Isla de Salamanca es un área natural protegida única en Colombia por su riqueza mineral y biodiversidad. No obstante, durante los últimos años se han llevado a cabo un sin número de actos que han devenido en afectaciones ambientales y a la salud de la población de la ciudad de Barranquilla, su área metropolitana y otras poblaciones del departamento del Magdalena. Lo anterior, es producto del delito de Incendio, establecido en el artículo 350 del Código Penal como una conducta que transgrede el bien común y representa un peligro para las comunidades y los recursos naturales, siendo una circunstancia de agravación cuando se presenta sobre este último, que, con base en Parques Nacionales y diferentes autoridades administrativas, se ha establecido que desde 2013 se han presentado 80 incendios registrados; así mismo, entre 2018 y 2020, un promedio de 15 incidentes, constituyendo una alarmante cifra. De igual forma, en la Isla confluyen delitos que incentivan esta práctica abrasiva, como el Ilícito aprovechamiento de recursos naturales renovables, Daño en recursos naturales, Contaminación ambiental por explotación de yacimientos mineros y cuando se presente por extracción mineral, así como el de Invasión de Áreas de especial importancia ecológica. Lo anterior, constituye una problemática que amerita ser analizada, máxime al ponerse de presente las obligaciones del Estado por atender a las metas propuestas en los ODS, por preservar el clima, la vida submarina y terrestre e impartir justicia contando con instituciones sólidas que sean efectivas.
Es por lo anterior, que en esta investigación tiene como objeto el análisis de las implicaciones penales que se encuentran a partir de los delitos ambientales, enfocando el de incendio, que se presentan en el Vía Parque, partiendo de su descripción y diagnóstico para identificar el alcance de estas conductas y los ODS que confluyen, determinando así, los retos que se presentan en materia de efectividad judicial y las sanciones para la disminución de incendios forestales provocados y otros delitos ambientales.
En ese orden, se procederá a llevar a cabo un estado de la cuestión respecto de las circunstancias fácticas que rodean el parque Isla de Salamanca, los delitos ambientales y sus impactos, y los ODS asociados según su relevancia. Con el propósito de establecer una hoja de ruta para detallar y comprender la forma en que entre los años 2018-2020 se han llevado a cabo las acciones penales derivadas de estos delitos, puntualmente el de Incendio y relacionados.
Se tiene como objetivo general analizar las implicaciones penales derivadas de los delitos ambientales comedidos en el vía parque Isla de Salamanca durante los años 2018-2020.
The Vía Parque Isla de Salamanca is a unique protected natural area in Colombia for its mineral wealth and biodiversity. However, in recent years a number of acts have been carried out that have resulted in environmental and health effects on the population of the city of Barranquilla, its metropolitan area and other towns in the department of Magdalena. The foregoing is the product of the crime of Fire, established in article 350 of the Penal Code as a conduct that transgresses the common good and represents a danger to the communities and natural resources, being an aggravating circumstance when it occurs on the latter, Based on National Parks and different administrative authorities, it has been established that since 2013 there have been 80 registered fires and between 2018 and 2020 there has been an average of 15, constituting an alarming figure. Similarly, on the Island there are crimes that encourage this abrasive practice, such as the Illicit use of renewable natural resources, Damage to natural resources, Environmental contamination due to exploitation of mining deposits and when it occurs due to mineral extraction, as well as Invasion of Areas of special ecological importance. The foregoing constitutes a problem that deserves to be analyzed, especially when considering the obligations of the State to meet the goals proposed in the SDGs, to preserve the climate, underwater and terrestrial life and impart justice with solid institutions that are effective. It is for the foregoing, that this research aims to analyze the criminal implications found from environmental crimes, focusing on fire, which occur in the Vía Parque, based on its description and diagnosis to identify the scope of these behaviors and the SDGs that come together, thus determining the challenges that arise in terms of judicial effectiveness and the sanctions for reducing arson forest fires and other environmental crimes. In that order, a state of the question will be carried out regarding the factual circumstances surrounding the Isla de Salamanca park, environmental crimes and their impacts, and the associated SDGs according to their relevance. With the purpose of establishing a roadmap to detail and understand the way in which criminal actions derived from these crimes, specifically Fire and related crimes, have been carried out between the years 2018-2020.
The Vía Parque Isla de Salamanca is a unique protected natural area in Colombia for its mineral wealth and biodiversity. However, in recent years a number of acts have been carried out that have resulted in environmental and health effects on the population of the city of Barranquilla, its metropolitan area and other towns in the department of Magdalena. The foregoing is the product of the crime of Fire, established in article 350 of the Penal Code as a conduct that transgresses the common good and represents a danger to the communities and natural resources, being an aggravating circumstance when it occurs on the latter, Based on National Parks and different administrative authorities, it has been established that since 2013 there have been 80 registered fires and between 2018 and 2020 there has been an average of 15, constituting an alarming figure. Similarly, on the Island there are crimes that encourage this abrasive practice, such as the Illicit use of renewable natural resources, Damage to natural resources, Environmental contamination due to exploitation of mining deposits and when it occurs due to mineral extraction, as well as Invasion of Areas of special ecological importance. The foregoing constitutes a problem that deserves to be analyzed, especially when considering the obligations of the State to meet the goals proposed in the SDGs, to preserve the climate, underwater and terrestrial life and impart justice with solid institutions that are effective. It is for the foregoing, that this research aims to analyze the criminal implications found from environmental crimes, focusing on fire, which occur in the Vía Parque, based on its description and diagnosis to identify the scope of these behaviors and the SDGs that come together, thus determining the challenges that arise in terms of judicial effectiveness and the sanctions for reducing arson forest fires and other environmental crimes. In that order, a state of the question will be carried out regarding the factual circumstances surrounding the Isla de Salamanca park, environmental crimes and their impacts, and the associated SDGs according to their relevance. With the purpose of establishing a roadmap to detail and understand the way in which criminal actions derived from these crimes, specifically Fire and related crimes, have been carried out between the years 2018-2020.
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Delitos ambientales, Incendio, ODS, Efectividad judicial, Recursos naturales, Environmental crimes, Fire, Judicial effectiveness, Natural resources
