Cognición social en víctimas de violencia en el marco del conflicto armado en Norte de Santander
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2022
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La siguiente investigación se enfocará en estudiar a las personas víctimas de violencia en el marco del Conflicto Armado en Colombia, Norte de Santander. De manera precisa, pretende caracterizar la cognición social de aquellas personas que han sido víctimas del conflicto interno armado por el que Colombia atraviesa durante hace más de un decalustro. Asimismo, tiene el objetivo de conocer el impacto y los efectos que provoca la violencia en aquellas que la vivieron y que han vivido en zonas rurales marcadas por el conflicto donde han sido vulneradas por el daño colateral que provoca la guerra colombiana. Los grupos armados operan con algunas de estas modalidades: asesinatos selectivos, masacres, muertes de civiles en acciones bélicas, atentados terroristas, ataques a poblaciones; ataques a bienes civiles, secuestro, tortura, desaparición forzada, desplazamiento forzado, violencia sexual, minas antipersona, reclutamiento ilícito y amenaza. La muestra está conformada por cinco mujeres víctimas. El presente estudio abarca el paradigma hermenéutico interpretativo, este paradigma nos brinda una perspectiva o modo de concebir la realidad. Asimismo, la actual investigación se establece bajo el enfoque cualitativo, este enfoque logra identificar la naturaleza propia de las realidades y la estructura dinámica, es decir que da apertura al comportamiento y manifestaciones. De acuerdo a lo postulado, el diseño de investigación es fenomenológico, es decir “el estudio de los fenómenos tal como son experimentados, vividos y percibidos por los seres humanos”. en este caso, las mujeres víctimas de violencia. El corte de investigación es de tipo no experimental, se divide tomando en cuenta el tiempo durante se recolectan los datos, estos son: diseño Transversal, donde se recolectan datos en un solo momento, en un tiempo único, su propósito es describir variables y su incidencia de interrelación en un momento dado, y el diseño. De acuerdo a lo postulado, para dar cumplimiento a los objetivos se desarrolló una entrevista semiestructurada que consta de veinte ítems divididos en tres momentos con el fin de desarrollar un proceso de profundización en las narrativas de las participantes. Las conclusiones a las que se arriba con este proyecto coinciden en que las víctimas tienen una ruptura en cuanto al proyecto de vida que de cierta forma habían planeado antes de que sucediera el hecho victimizante y que esto conlleva a que tengan una inestabilidad emocional cuando se les pregunta por su “futuro”, también se resalta el hecho de que buscan aislarse para evadir temas que tienen relación con su pasado o con lo que más adelante les gustaría ser, es decir prefieren reprimir sus ideas o pensamientos porque piensan que así no serán lastimadas o juzgadas por lo sucedido. A partir de los hallazgos obtenidos de la entrevista a profundidad y la observación, se pudo identificar que hay una gran relación entre los roles familiares, la percepción del entorno, la calidad de vida, la individualidad y la conformidad social, dado a que estas se ven reflejadas en el entorno familiar y social de las participantes de manera en que se desencadenan en conflictos personales e interpersonales.
The following research will focus on the study of the victims of violence in the framework of the armed conflict in Colombia, Norte de Santander. Precisely, it aims to characterize the social cognition of those people who have been victims of the internal armed conflict that Colombia has been going through for more than a decade. It also aims to understand the impact and effects of violence on those who have lived through it and who have lived in rural areas marked by the conflict, where they have been affected by the collateral damage caused by the Colombian war. The armed groups operate in some of these modalities: selective assassinations, massacres, deaths of civilians in military actions, terrorist attacks, attacks on populations, attacks on civilian property, kidnapping, torture, forced disappearance, forced displacement, sexual violence, landmines, illegal recruitment and threats. The sample is made up of five women victims. The present study encompasses the interpretative hermeneutic paradigm; this paradigm provides us with a perspective or way of conceiving reality. Likewise, the current research is established under the qualitative approach, this approach manages to identify the nature of the realities and the dynamic structure, that is to say, it gives openness to the behavior and manifestations. According to the postulate, the research design is phenomenological, i.e. "the study of phenomena as they are experienced, lived and perceived by human beings", in this case, women victims of violence. The research cut is non-experimental, it is divided taking into account the time during which the data are collected, these are: Transversal design, where data are collected in a single moment, in a single time, its purpose is to describe variables and their interrelation incidence at a given time, and the design. According to what was postulated, in order to fulfill the objectives, a semi-structured interview was developed, consisting of twenty items divided into three moments in order to develop a process of deepening the narratives of the participants. The conclusions reached with this project coincide in that the victims have a rupture in terms of the life project they had planned in a certain way before the victimizing event occurred and that this leads to emotional instability when they are asked about their "future", also highlighting the fact that they seek to isolate themselves to avoid issues related to their past or what they would like to be in the future, i.e. they prefer to repress their ideas or thoughts because they think they will not be hurt or judged for what happened. From the findings obtained from the in-depth interview and observation, it was possible to identify that there is a strong relationship between family roles, perception of the environment, quality of life, individuality and social conformity, given that these are reflected in the family and social environment of the participants in a way that triggers personal and interpersonal conflicts.
The following research will focus on the study of the victims of violence in the framework of the armed conflict in Colombia, Norte de Santander. Precisely, it aims to characterize the social cognition of those people who have been victims of the internal armed conflict that Colombia has been going through for more than a decade. It also aims to understand the impact and effects of violence on those who have lived through it and who have lived in rural areas marked by the conflict, where they have been affected by the collateral damage caused by the Colombian war. The armed groups operate in some of these modalities: selective assassinations, massacres, deaths of civilians in military actions, terrorist attacks, attacks on populations, attacks on civilian property, kidnapping, torture, forced disappearance, forced displacement, sexual violence, landmines, illegal recruitment and threats. The sample is made up of five women victims. The present study encompasses the interpretative hermeneutic paradigm; this paradigm provides us with a perspective or way of conceiving reality. Likewise, the current research is established under the qualitative approach, this approach manages to identify the nature of the realities and the dynamic structure, that is to say, it gives openness to the behavior and manifestations. According to the postulate, the research design is phenomenological, i.e. "the study of phenomena as they are experienced, lived and perceived by human beings", in this case, women victims of violence. The research cut is non-experimental, it is divided taking into account the time during which the data are collected, these are: Transversal design, where data are collected in a single moment, in a single time, its purpose is to describe variables and their interrelation incidence at a given time, and the design. According to what was postulated, in order to fulfill the objectives, a semi-structured interview was developed, consisting of twenty items divided into three moments in order to develop a process of deepening the narratives of the participants. The conclusions reached with this project coincide in that the victims have a rupture in terms of the life project they had planned in a certain way before the victimizing event occurred and that this leads to emotional instability when they are asked about their "future", also highlighting the fact that they seek to isolate themselves to avoid issues related to their past or what they would like to be in the future, i.e. they prefer to repress their ideas or thoughts because they think they will not be hurt or judged for what happened. From the findings obtained from the in-depth interview and observation, it was possible to identify that there is a strong relationship between family roles, perception of the environment, quality of life, individuality and social conformity, given that these are reflected in the family and social environment of the participants in a way that triggers personal and interpersonal conflicts.
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Palabras clave
Cognición social, Violencia, Víctimas, Conflicto armado, Desequilibrio, Social cognition, Violence, Victims, Armed conflict, Imbalance
