Criptomonedas en el blanqueo de capitales
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Monsalve García, Fernando
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
En el contexto de esta investigación, se examina cómo la carencia de una regulación
global y coherente sobre las criptomonedas crea un entorno propicio para
actividades ilícitas, como el lavado de activos. El auge exponencial de las
criptomonedas en el panorama financiero global ha desencadenado una serie de
desafíos regulatorios sin precedentes. La naturaleza descentralizada y la creciente
integración de estos activos digitales en la economía han superado la capacidad de
los marcos regulatorios existentes, lo que ha generado un terreno fértil para
actividades ilícitas, especialmente el lavado de activos.
Uno de los principales problemas radica en la falta de una regulación global
coherente. Mientras que algunos países han implementado legislaciones
individuales, estas generalmente se centran en el uso de criptomonedas como
medio de intercambio comercial, descuidando la prevención de su uso en
actividades ilegales. Esta disparidad regulatoria crea lagunas que las
organizaciones criminales pueden explotar para mover fondos ilícitos a través de
fronteras sin ser detectadas.
Las características inherentes de las criptomonedas, como el anonimato, la
descentralización y la divisibilidad, complican aún más los esfuerzos regulatorios. El
anonimato dificulta la identificación de los actores involucrados en las
transacciones, mientras que la descentralización elimina la necesidad de
intermediarios tradicionales, lo que dificulta el seguimiento de los flujos de fondos.
Además, la divisibilidad de las criptomonedas permite la fragmentación de grandes
sumas de dinero en pequeñas transacciones, lo que dificulta aún más la detección
de actividades sospechosas.
La falta de supervisión sobre los emisores de criptomonedas, la falta de un
consenso global y la ausencia de mecanismos efectivos para el seguimiento de las
transacciones son otras preocupaciones importantes. En muchos casos, los
emisores de criptomonedas operan sin la supervisión de las autoridades financieras,
lo que les permite eludir las regulaciones contra el lavado de dinero y otras normas.
Además, la falta de mecanismos de seguimiento efectivos dificulta la identificación
de transacciones sospechosas y la congelación de activos ilícitos.
La creciente integración de las criptomonedas en diversos sectores de la economía,
sumada a su fácil accesibilidad, agrava aún más estos desafíos. A medida que las
criptomonedas se vuelven más comunes, aumenta el riesgo de que se utilicen para
actividades ilícitas. La facilidad de acceso a las criptomonedas a través de
intercambios en línea y cajeros automáticos de criptomonedas también facilita el
movimiento de fondos ilícitos.
Por lo tanto, se hace evidente la necesidad de un marco regulatorio global y
coordinado que aborde tanto el uso legítimo de las criptomonedas como la
prevención de su uso en actividades ilícitas. Este marco regulatorio debe incluir
normas claras y armonizadas sobre la identificación de los clientes, el seguimiento
de las transacciones, la supervisión de los emisores y la cooperación internacional.
Solo a través de un enfoque global coordinado podremos mitigar los riesgos
asociados con el uso de criptomonedas para actividades ilícitas y garantizar la
integridad del sistema financiero global.
In the context of this research, we examine how the lack of consistent global regulation of cryptocurrencies creates an environment conducive to illicit activities, such as money laundering. The exponential rise of cryptocurrencies in the global financial landscape has triggered a series of unprecedented regulatory challenges. The decentralized nature and increasing integration of these digital assets into the economy have exceeded the capacity of existing regulatory frameworks, creating fertile ground for illicit activities, especially money laundering. One of the main problems lies in the lack of consistent global regulation. While some countries have implemented individual legislation, these generally focus on the use of cryptocurrencies as a means of commercial exchange, neglecting to prevent their use in illegal activities. This regulatory disparity creates loopholes that criminal organizations can exploit to move illicit funds across borders undetected. The inherent characteristics of cryptocurrencies, such as anonymity, decentralization, and divisibility, further complicate regulatory efforts. Anonymity makes it difficult to identify the actors involved in transactions, while decentralization eliminates the need for traditional intermediaries, making it difficult to track the flow of funds. Furthermore, the divisibility of cryptocurrencies allows for the fragmentation of large sums of money into smaller transactions, making it even more difficult to detect suspicious activity. The lack of oversight over cryptocurrency issuers, the lack of a global consensus, and the absence of effective mechanisms for tracking transactions are other major concerns. In many cases, cryptocurrency issuers operate without the oversight of financial authorities, allowing them to circumvent anti-money laundering and other regulations. Furthermore, the lack of effective tracking mechanisms makes it difficult to identify suspicious transactions and freeze illicit assets. The increasing integration of cryptocurrencies into various sectors of the economy, coupled with their easy accessibility, further exacerbates these challenges. As cryptocurrencies become more common, the risk of their use for illicit activities increases. The ease of access to cryptocurrencies through online exchanges and cryptocurrency ATMs also facilitates the movement of illicit funds. Therefore, the need for a global, coordinated regulatory framework that addresses both the legitimate use of cryptocurrencies and the prevention of their use in illicit activities becomes evident. This regulatory framework must include clear and harmonized rules on customer identification, transaction tracking, issuer oversight, and international cooperation. Only through a coordinated global approach can we mitigate the risks associated with the use of cryptocurrencies for illicit activities and ensure the integrity of the global financial system.
In the context of this research, we examine how the lack of consistent global regulation of cryptocurrencies creates an environment conducive to illicit activities, such as money laundering. The exponential rise of cryptocurrencies in the global financial landscape has triggered a series of unprecedented regulatory challenges. The decentralized nature and increasing integration of these digital assets into the economy have exceeded the capacity of existing regulatory frameworks, creating fertile ground for illicit activities, especially money laundering. One of the main problems lies in the lack of consistent global regulation. While some countries have implemented individual legislation, these generally focus on the use of cryptocurrencies as a means of commercial exchange, neglecting to prevent their use in illegal activities. This regulatory disparity creates loopholes that criminal organizations can exploit to move illicit funds across borders undetected. The inherent characteristics of cryptocurrencies, such as anonymity, decentralization, and divisibility, further complicate regulatory efforts. Anonymity makes it difficult to identify the actors involved in transactions, while decentralization eliminates the need for traditional intermediaries, making it difficult to track the flow of funds. Furthermore, the divisibility of cryptocurrencies allows for the fragmentation of large sums of money into smaller transactions, making it even more difficult to detect suspicious activity. The lack of oversight over cryptocurrency issuers, the lack of a global consensus, and the absence of effective mechanisms for tracking transactions are other major concerns. In many cases, cryptocurrency issuers operate without the oversight of financial authorities, allowing them to circumvent anti-money laundering and other regulations. Furthermore, the lack of effective tracking mechanisms makes it difficult to identify suspicious transactions and freeze illicit assets. The increasing integration of cryptocurrencies into various sectors of the economy, coupled with their easy accessibility, further exacerbates these challenges. As cryptocurrencies become more common, the risk of their use for illicit activities increases. The ease of access to cryptocurrencies through online exchanges and cryptocurrency ATMs also facilitates the movement of illicit funds. Therefore, the need for a global, coordinated regulatory framework that addresses both the legitimate use of cryptocurrencies and the prevention of their use in illicit activities becomes evident. This regulatory framework must include clear and harmonized rules on customer identification, transaction tracking, issuer oversight, and international cooperation. Only through a coordinated global approach can we mitigate the risks associated with the use of cryptocurrencies for illicit activities and ensure the integrity of the global financial system.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Criptomonedas, Lavado, Activos, Descentralización, Bitcoin, Regulación, Divisibilidad, Anonimato, Supervisión, Control, Intercambio, Blanqueo, Capitales
