Estilos parentales, salud mental, autoestima, disfuncionalidad familiar en niños escolarizados en Barranquilla
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Arenas Jiménez, María Fernanda
Orozco Blanco, Sara
Trujillo Jiménez, Madeline
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Antecedentes. La familia es el primer entorno social en el que los niños se desarrollan y aprenden a relacionarse con los demás. La manera en que los padres interactúan con sus hijos, lo que se conoce como estilo parental, juega un papel fundamental en la formación de su personalidad, sus emociones y su bienestar psicológico. En este contexto,
Objetivo. La presente investigación se centra en explorar la relación entre los estilos parentales y la salud mental de niños y niñas escolarizados en Barranquilla. Se busca comprender cómo diferentes prácticas de crianza, como la disciplina positiva, el castigo físico o la negligencia, influyen en variables como la autoestima, la satisfacción con la vida familiar y la percepción de apoyo social.
Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal con (n=30) menores escolarizados y cuidadores de Barranquilla, con un paradigma empírico analítico y una investigación de tipo cuantitativa por el uso de pruebas psicométricas que nos permitió el análisis correlacional de las diferentes variables predominantes; se utilizaron los instrumentos Cuestionario APGAR Familiar, Cuestionario de capacidades y dificultades SDQ-Cas y Escala de afrontamiento para Niños (EAN).
Resultados: Se hallaron prevalencia y relaciones bilaterales en el 15.2% de los participantes, respecto a la disfuncionalidad familiar, se observa que el 16.7% de los encuestados, hacen parte de esta variable y al mismo tiempo en la escala de afrontamiento el 33,3% (n=10) de evaluados se categorizan en un estilo de afrontamiento improductivo, lo
que genera un estado de alerta frente a los diferentes estilos parentales y el nivel de afrontamiento de los niños, niñas y adolescentes en la cotidianidad.
Conclusiones: La práctica de un estilo democrático negligente, lleva a que los niños, niñas y adolescentes, desarrollen dificultades en su salud mental. Promover un estilo parental democrático, mitigará los problemas de salud mental y autoestima en la infancia y adolescencia, permitiendo así, educar niños con capacidad de resolución y afrontamiento; centrado en el problema.
Background. The family is the first social environment in which children develop and learn to relate to others. The way in which parents interact with their children, known as parental style, plays a fundamental role in the formation of their personality, emotions and psychological well-being. In this context, Objective. The present research focuses on exploring the relationship between parental styles and mental health of school children in Barranquilla. It seeks to understand how different parenting practices, such as positive discipline, physical punishment or neglect, influence variables such as self-esteem, satisfaction with family life and perception of social support. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out with (n=30) schooled minors and caregivers in Barranquilla, with an analytical empirical paradigm and a quantitative type of research by the use of psychometric tests that allowed us the correlational analysis of the different predominant variables; the Family APGAR Questionnaire, SDQ-Cas Abilities and Difficulties Questionnaire and Coping Scale for Children (EAN) instruments were used. Results: prevalence and bilateral relationships were found in 15.2% of the participants, regarding family dysfunctionality, it is observed that 16.7% of the respondents, are part of this variable and at the same time in the coping scale 33.3% (n=10) of evaluated are categorized in an unproductive coping style, which generates a state of alertness against the different parental styles and the level of coping of children and adolescents in everyday life. Conclusions: The practice of a negligent democratic style leads children and adolescents to develop difficulties in their mental health. Promoting a democratic parenting style will mitigate mental health and self-esteem problems in childhood and adolescence, thus allowing children to be educated with problem-centered coping and resolution skills.
Background. The family is the first social environment in which children develop and learn to relate to others. The way in which parents interact with their children, known as parental style, plays a fundamental role in the formation of their personality, emotions and psychological well-being. In this context, Objective. The present research focuses on exploring the relationship between parental styles and mental health of school children in Barranquilla. It seeks to understand how different parenting practices, such as positive discipline, physical punishment or neglect, influence variables such as self-esteem, satisfaction with family life and perception of social support. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out with (n=30) schooled minors and caregivers in Barranquilla, with an analytical empirical paradigm and a quantitative type of research by the use of psychometric tests that allowed us the correlational analysis of the different predominant variables; the Family APGAR Questionnaire, SDQ-Cas Abilities and Difficulties Questionnaire and Coping Scale for Children (EAN) instruments were used. Results: prevalence and bilateral relationships were found in 15.2% of the participants, regarding family dysfunctionality, it is observed that 16.7% of the respondents, are part of this variable and at the same time in the coping scale 33.3% (n=10) of evaluated are categorized in an unproductive coping style, which generates a state of alertness against the different parental styles and the level of coping of children and adolescents in everyday life. Conclusions: The practice of a negligent democratic style leads children and adolescents to develop difficulties in their mental health. Promoting a democratic parenting style will mitigate mental health and self-esteem problems in childhood and adolescence, thus allowing children to be educated with problem-centered coping and resolution skills.
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Palabras clave
Salud mental, Estilos parentales, Castigos, Funcionalidad familiar
