Factores de exposición ocupacional asociados a la incidencia de Cáncer
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Acuna Ariza, Lilian Margarita
Alfaro Gómez, Olga Patricia
Amaranto Conrado, Emir Alfonso
Ariza Borja, Nelmerys
Arrieta Imitola, Lorena Margarita
Barraza Ramos, Katy Margarita
Bermúdez Henao, Angélica María
Brizneda Orellano, Nora Viviana
Caballero Castillo, Jessica Andrea
Ching Algarin, Eduardo Alfonso
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Introducción: La población trabajadora está expuesta a sustancias cancerígenas que conlleva al incremento de cáncer ocupacional, el cual se ha convertido en uno de los principales problemas de salud pública. El entorno laboral es reconocido como uno de los factores que explican su aparición.
Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre los factores de exposición ocupacional y la incidencia de cáncer.
Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios primarios publicados en las bases de datos Scopus, MEDLINE, Web of Science Direct, PubMed y Scielo. Se incluyeron investigaciones con tipos de diseño de Casos-Controles, Cohorte y de Corte Transversal, publicadas entre los años 2014-2020. De un total de 150 artículos se incluyeron 14 estudios que cumplieron todos los criterios de inclusión y exclusión comentados.
Resultados: La mayoría de los artículos incluidos en este estudio se realizaron en Europa y EEUU y el estudio de Cohorte fue el diseño más usado en la mayoría de los estudios elegidos. El cáncer de mayor incidencia fue el de pulmón y la sustancia cancerígena más estudiada fue el asbesto.
Conclusiones: Es necesario realizar todas las medidas de seguridad en los lugares de trabajo para disminuir y eliminar la exposición de los trabajadores a sustancias cancerígenas, entra estas acciones está el uso obligatorio de las medidas e instrucciones de seguridad establecidas.
Introduction: The working population is exposed to carcinogenic substances that leads to an increase in occupational cancer, which has become one of the main public health problems. The work environment is recognized as one of the factors that explain its appearance. Objective: To determine the relationship between occupational exposure factors and cancer incidence. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of primary studies published in the Scopus, MEDLINE, Web of Science Direct, PubMed and Scielo databases was performed. Investigations with design types of Cases-Controls, Cohort and Cross Section, published between the years 2014-2020 were included. Of a total of 150 articles, 14 studies were included that met all the inclusion and exclusion criteria discussed. Results: Most of the articles included in this study were carried out in Europe and the USA and the Cohort study was the most used design in most of the chosen studies. The cancer with the highest incidence was lung cancer and the most studied cancer substance was asbestos. Conclusions: It is necessary to carry out all safety measures in the workplace to reduce and eliminate the exposure of workers to carcinogens, among these actions is the mandatory use of established safety measures and instructions.
Introduction: The working population is exposed to carcinogenic substances that leads to an increase in occupational cancer, which has become one of the main public health problems. The work environment is recognized as one of the factors that explain its appearance. Objective: To determine the relationship between occupational exposure factors and cancer incidence. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of primary studies published in the Scopus, MEDLINE, Web of Science Direct, PubMed and Scielo databases was performed. Investigations with design types of Cases-Controls, Cohort and Cross Section, published between the years 2014-2020 were included. Of a total of 150 articles, 14 studies were included that met all the inclusion and exclusion criteria discussed. Results: Most of the articles included in this study were carried out in Europe and the USA and the Cohort study was the most used design in most of the chosen studies. The cancer with the highest incidence was lung cancer and the most studied cancer substance was asbestos. Conclusions: It is necessary to carry out all safety measures in the workplace to reduce and eliminate the exposure of workers to carcinogens, among these actions is the mandatory use of established safety measures and instructions.
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Palabras clave
Salud ocupacional, Cáncer, Cáncer ocupacional, Salud pública
