Factores de riesgo de la población adolescente de un barrio precarizado del municipio de Santo Tomás - Atlántico
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Carrillo Calderón, María Auxiliadora
Cerpa Herrera, Sayreth Patricia
Aragón Gutiérrez, Meydris Johana
Henao Racines, Ana Sofía
Guerra Barranco, Daniela
Ojeda de la Cruz, Daner Leonel
Charris Quintero, Laura Vanessa
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Antecedentes: La adolescencia es una etapa mediada por transiciones emocionales y biológicas, que, al conjugarse con factores situados en el entorno social e incluso familiar, ponen al sujeto en situación de vulnerabilidad. Los adolescentes enfrentan factores de riesgos, sobre todo aquellos, cuyas infancias han transcurrido en ambientes precarizados y de abandono estatal. Objetivos: Conocer los factores de riesgo a los cuales están expuestos los adolescentes de un barrio precarizado del Municipio de Santo Tomàs-Atlántico. Describir los factores de riesgo personales, familiares y sociales. Materiales y métodos: se priorizó el enfoque cualitativo, acompañado del paradigma histórico hermenéutico y el tipo de investigación asumida fue la fenomenología. El método utilizado fue el inductivo por cuanto se priorizó a los sujetos de estudios como fuente primaria de información y posteriormente se contrastó con las teorías disponibles que explican y fundamentan el tema asumido en esta investigación. La muestra fue no probabilística de tipo intencional, cuyo criterio de selección fue: adolescentes nacidos y criados en un barrio precarizado del Municipio de Santo Tomás. Se implementó la entrevista semiestructurada como técnica de recolección de la información, desde la cual se indagó en las categorías factores de riesgo personales, familiares y sociales. Resultados: Dentro de los resultados ligados a los factores de riesgo de orden personal, 6 de 8 adolescentes tienen como proyecto de vida, la culminación estudios superiores sin mencionar una disciplina profesional en específico, incluso algunos se visionan siendo empresarios, justo aquí aparecen los miedos, inseguridades y la indisciplina como aspectos que podrían interferir en el alcance de dicho logro, pero que a la vez se constituye en otro reto. Dentro de los factores de riesgo familiar, se ubica la economía que no posibilita mayor poder adquisitivo y por ende reduce las posibilidades del proyecto de vida proyectado, finalmente se precisan factores sociales como la limitada oferta de formación académica profesional por parte de instituciones de educación superior estatales, la situación económica del país que impacta la calidad de vida de las familias y los problemas sociales tales como: la drogadicción y la delincuencia juvenil que están visibles y por lo tanto constituyen un riesgo para la población sujeto de estudio. Conclusiones: La presencia de factores de riesgos presentes en el contexto familiar y social, dichos factores constituyen barreras que impiden la concreción del proyecto de vida, por lo tanto, se requiere de mayor compromiso y acompañamiento parental y de la intervención del Estado en lo que respecta a los problemas sociales estructurales que comprometen el bienestar social de la población adolescente.
Background: Adolescence is a stage mediated by emotional and biological transitions, which, when combined with factors located in the social and even family environment, put the subject in a situation of vulnerability. Adolescents face risk factors, especially those whose childhoods have been spent in precarious environments and state abandonment. Objectives: To know the risk factors to which adolescents in a precarious neighborhood of the Municipality of Santo Tomàs are exposed. Describe personal, family and social risk factors. Materials and methods: the qualitative approach was prioritized, accompanied by the hermeneutic historical paradigm and the type of research assumed was phenomenology. The method used was inductive, since study subjects were prioritized as the primary source of information and later contrasted with the available theories that explain and support the theme assumed in this research. The sample was non-probabilistic of the intentional type, whose selection criteria was: adolescents born and raised in a precarious neighborhood of the Municipality of Santo Tomás. The semi-structured interview was implemented as a technique for collecting information, from which the categories of personal, family and social risk factors were investigated. Results: Within the results linked to personal risk factors, 6 out of 8 adolescents have as a life project, the culmination of higher education without mentioning a specific professional discipline, some even see themselves as entrepreneurs, right here they appear fears, insecurities and indiscipline as aspects that could interfere in the achievement of said achievement, but which at the same time constitute another challenge. Among the family risk factors, there is the economy that does not allow greater purchasing power and therefore reduces the possibilities of the projected life project, finally social factors are required such as the limited offer of professional academic training by higher education institutions. state, the economic situation of the country that impacts the quality of life of families and social problems such as: drug addiction and juvenile delinquency that are visible and therefore constitute a risk for the population under study. Conclusions: The presence of risk factors present in the family and social context, these factors constitute barriers that prevent the realization of the life project, therefore, greater commitment and parental accompaniment and State intervention are required in what regarding the structural social problems that compromise the social well-being of the adolescent population
Background: Adolescence is a stage mediated by emotional and biological transitions, which, when combined with factors located in the social and even family environment, put the subject in a situation of vulnerability. Adolescents face risk factors, especially those whose childhoods have been spent in precarious environments and state abandonment. Objectives: To know the risk factors to which adolescents in a precarious neighborhood of the Municipality of Santo Tomàs are exposed. Describe personal, family and social risk factors. Materials and methods: the qualitative approach was prioritized, accompanied by the hermeneutic historical paradigm and the type of research assumed was phenomenology. The method used was inductive, since study subjects were prioritized as the primary source of information and later contrasted with the available theories that explain and support the theme assumed in this research. The sample was non-probabilistic of the intentional type, whose selection criteria was: adolescents born and raised in a precarious neighborhood of the Municipality of Santo Tomás. The semi-structured interview was implemented as a technique for collecting information, from which the categories of personal, family and social risk factors were investigated. Results: Within the results linked to personal risk factors, 6 out of 8 adolescents have as a life project, the culmination of higher education without mentioning a specific professional discipline, some even see themselves as entrepreneurs, right here they appear fears, insecurities and indiscipline as aspects that could interfere in the achievement of said achievement, but which at the same time constitute another challenge. Among the family risk factors, there is the economy that does not allow greater purchasing power and therefore reduces the possibilities of the projected life project, finally social factors are required such as the limited offer of professional academic training by higher education institutions. state, the economic situation of the country that impacts the quality of life of families and social problems such as: drug addiction and juvenile delinquency that are visible and therefore constitute a risk for the population under study. Conclusions: The presence of risk factors present in the family and social context, these factors constitute barriers that prevent the realization of the life project, therefore, greater commitment and parental accompaniment and State intervention are required in what regarding the structural social problems that compromise the social well-being of the adolescent population
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Palabras clave
Adolescencia, Factores de riesgo, Familia, Sociedad, Adolescence, Risk factors, Family, Society
