Propuesta de fortalecimiento de la cultura de seguridad del paciente en el Hospital Mental Rudesindo Soto de la ciudad de Cúcuta
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Lindarte Vega, Daniela Yulieth
González Castro, María Liliana
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
Objetivo: Crear una propuesta de fortalecimiento de la cultura de seguridad del paciente en la ESE Hospital Mental Rudesindo Soto (HMRS) de Cúcuta. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal que evalúa la percepción de los trabajadores sobre la seguridad del paciente mediante la aplicación de la Encuesta hospitalaria sobre cultura de seguridad del paciente, elaborada por la Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (AHRQ), para diseñar una propuesta de fortalecimiento de la cultura de seguridad del paciente en el HMRS de Cúcuta. Resultados: El área de fortaleza de los trabajadores es el de psiquiatría, quienes tienen entre 1 a 5 años de antigüedad en la institución, en su área de trabajo y de ejercicio profesional, laboran entre 40 a 59 horas a la semana, tienen un gran porcentaje de interacción con el paciente y el mayor porcentaje de la población son auxiliares de enfermería; los elementos imprescindibles para el fortalecimiento de la cultura de seguridad del paciente en la institución ESE HMRS son: mejora en la jornada laboral y en los tiempos de atención al paciente, disminución de uso de personal temporal, fomento de conducta no punitiva ante el error reportando el incidente y no al trabajador evitando la preocupación de éste por la represalia al reporte, evitar la simplificación de labores por aumento en la carga laboral y por parte del supervisor, disminución de problemas relacionados con seguridad del paciente, evaluación constante de los problemas existentes en seguridad del paciente por parte del supervisor, informe de los cambios en la atención basados en el reporte de incidentes, libre expresión cuando se refiere a acciones que afecten al paciente, mitigación el miedo a cuestionar decisiones o acciones de los supervisores y sospecha de errores en la atención, mejora en la comunicación sobre formas de prevenir eventos adversos, promoción del reporte de los eventos adversos que se presentan en la institución, corrección de los errores presentados y descubiertos antes de afectar al paciente, reportar aún si no representa un daño potencial al paciente, así como también si puede afectar al paciente, pero no le hace daño, potenciamiento de la coordinación entre áreas. Conclusiones: La percepción de la seguridad del paciente en la institución por parte de los encuestados es aceptable, aunque puede ser mejorable; se identificaron ciertas fortalezas en seguridad del paciente que, de igual manera, se plasmaron en la propuesta de fortalecimiento de la cultura de seguridad, así mismo, de incluyeron los aspectos clave para la seguridad del paciente identificadas en las guías de cultura de seguridad como lo es la aplicación de los 15 correctos en la aplicación de medicamentos, prevención de caídas, prevención de flebitis, ulceras por presión, riesgo de fugas, valoración de la agitación psicomotora de los pacientes; así como también, se tuvo en cuenta toda la revisión bibliográfica para nutrir la cultura de seguridad del paciente en la institución, como lo son: capacitaciones continuas sobre seguridad del paciente, ambiente de comunicación y escucha activa, manejo de pausas activas y control del estrés laboral, adherencia a protocolos sobre seguridad del paciente, participación del paciente y su familia, proporción de incentivos laborales, recursos para una atención segura, promoción de la investigación sobre seguridad del paciente, planteamiento de escenarios reales de eventos adversos, ruta de reporte de evento adverso y mayor presencia del comité de eventos adversos.
Objective: To create a proposal for strengthening the patient safety culture in the ESE Rudesindo Soto Mental Hospital (HMRS) of Cúcuta. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the perception of workers on patient safety through the application of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, developed by the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (AHRQ), to design a proposal for strengthening the patient safety culture in the HMRS of Cúcuta. Results: The area of strength of the workers is psychiatry, who have between 1 to 5 years of seniority in the institution, in their area of work and professional practice, work between 40 to 59 hours a week, have a high percentage of interaction with the patient and the highest percentage of the population are nursing assistants; the essential elements for the strengthening of the patient safety culture in the institution ESE HMRS are: improvement in the working day and in patient care times, decrease in the use of temporary staff, promotion of non-punitive behavior in the face of error by reporting the incident and not the worker avoiding the worker's concern about retaliation for the report, avoiding the simplification of work by increasing the workload and by the supervisor, decrease in problems related to patient safety, constant evaluation of existing problems in patient safety by the supervisor, reporting of changes in care based on incident reporting, free expression when referring to actions that affect the patient, mitigation of fear of questioning decisions or actions of supervisors and suspicion of errors in care, improved communication on ways to prevent adverse events, promotion of reporting of adverse events that occur in the institution, correction of errors presented and discovered before affecting the patient, reporting even if it does not represent a potential harm to the patient, as well as if it may affect the patient, but does not harm him/her, enhancement of coordination between areas. Conclusions: The perception of patient safety in the institution by those surveyed is acceptable, although it can be improved; certain strengths in patient safety were identified which, likewise, were reflected in the proposal for strengthening the safety culture, likewise, the key aspects for patient safety identified in the safety culture guides were included, such as the application of the correct 15 in the application of medications, prevention of falls, prevention of phlebitis, pressure ulcers, risk of leaks, assessment of psychomotor agitation of patients; The bibliographical review was also taken into account to nurture the patient safety culture in the institution, such as: continuous training on patient safety, communication environment and active listening, management of active breaks and control of work stress, adherence to patient safety protocols, patient and family participation, proportion of work incentives, resources for safe care, promotion of research on patient safety, approach of real scenarios of adverse events, adverse event reporting route and greater presence of the adverse events committee.
Objective: To create a proposal for strengthening the patient safety culture in the ESE Rudesindo Soto Mental Hospital (HMRS) of Cúcuta. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the perception of workers on patient safety through the application of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, developed by the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (AHRQ), to design a proposal for strengthening the patient safety culture in the HMRS of Cúcuta. Results: The area of strength of the workers is psychiatry, who have between 1 to 5 years of seniority in the institution, in their area of work and professional practice, work between 40 to 59 hours a week, have a high percentage of interaction with the patient and the highest percentage of the population are nursing assistants; the essential elements for the strengthening of the patient safety culture in the institution ESE HMRS are: improvement in the working day and in patient care times, decrease in the use of temporary staff, promotion of non-punitive behavior in the face of error by reporting the incident and not the worker avoiding the worker's concern about retaliation for the report, avoiding the simplification of work by increasing the workload and by the supervisor, decrease in problems related to patient safety, constant evaluation of existing problems in patient safety by the supervisor, reporting of changes in care based on incident reporting, free expression when referring to actions that affect the patient, mitigation of fear of questioning decisions or actions of supervisors and suspicion of errors in care, improved communication on ways to prevent adverse events, promotion of reporting of adverse events that occur in the institution, correction of errors presented and discovered before affecting the patient, reporting even if it does not represent a potential harm to the patient, as well as if it may affect the patient, but does not harm him/her, enhancement of coordination between areas. Conclusions: The perception of patient safety in the institution by those surveyed is acceptable, although it can be improved; certain strengths in patient safety were identified which, likewise, were reflected in the proposal for strengthening the safety culture, likewise, the key aspects for patient safety identified in the safety culture guides were included, such as the application of the correct 15 in the application of medications, prevention of falls, prevention of phlebitis, pressure ulcers, risk of leaks, assessment of psychomotor agitation of patients; The bibliographical review was also taken into account to nurture the patient safety culture in the institution, such as: continuous training on patient safety, communication environment and active listening, management of active breaks and control of work stress, adherence to patient safety protocols, patient and family participation, proportion of work incentives, resources for safe care, promotion of research on patient safety, approach of real scenarios of adverse events, adverse event reporting route and greater presence of the adverse events committee.
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Palabras clave
Seguridad del paciente, Cultura de seguridad, Hospital mental, Elementos de la seguridad del paciente, Gestión del riesgo, Patient safety, Safety culture, Mental hospital, Elements of patient safety, Risk management
