Análisis sobre las redes de apoyo sociales de los niños, niñas y adolescentes con desnutrición severa
Cargando...
Fecha
2021
Autores
Espinel García, Glitza Naury
Galeano Patiño, Angy Yorleth
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
Antecedentes: La desnutrición infantil, es una de las problemáticas sociales más difíciles de erradicar, no alejada de nuestra realidad diaria ya que esta es basada en los diferentes factores sociales, políticos y económicos, de los que como sociedad hacemos parte. Según el Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia UNICEF (2011) “La desnutrición infantil es el resultado de la ingesta insuficiente de alimentos (en cantidad y calidad), la falta de una atención adecuada y la aparición de enfermedades infecciosas” es decir, que la desnutrición está ligada al limitado acceso a centros de salud, falta de recursos económicos, entre otros. Cabe mencionar que la salud es un derecho universal, y como tal no puede ser vulnerado.
La desnutrición según los datos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS, 2020) atribuye a cerca de un tercio de la mortalidad infantil a nivel mundial. En relación a lo investigado se constata que los niños son más propensos a padecer desnutrición
Organismos internacionales, prevén que casi 2,3 millones de niños menores de cinco años sufrirán malnutrición aguda en 2021, es decir que 400. 000 de esos niños sufrirán malnutrición aguda grave y podrían morir si no reciben tratamiento urgente.
Objetivos:
Objetivo General
Analizar de qué manera influyen las redes de apoyo sociales en los Niños Niñas y Adolescentes con desnutrición severa.
Objetivos específicos
1. Identificar la influencia de las redes sociales de apoyo primarias en la desnutrición severa de los NNA.
2. Establecer el efecto de las redes sociales de apoyo secundarias en la rehabilitación de los NNA con desnutrición severa.
3. Definir de qué manera pueden contribuir las redes de apoyo terciarias en la desnutrición severa de los NNA.
Materiales y Métodos:
El paradigma de la investigación es interpretativo, paradigma que aporta un sentido y/o ruta que permite visualizar la realidad a investigar, desde un objetivo de las ciencias sociales. Max Weber (1990).
La investigación es interpretativa y se basa en la teoría de estos autores ya que estos mismos aspectos deben comprenderse e interpretarse según la reflexión de la misma realidad de estas redes de apoyo, del sujeto y su relación con las conexiones entre el actor y el observador, para dar interpretación a los diferentes hallazgos.
El enfoque de esta investigación es Cualitativo según Taylor y Bogdan (1986), estos autores explican en un sentido amplio, la investigación con enfoque cualitativo, como, aquéllos que produce datos descriptivos, las propias palabras de las personas, habladas o escritas, y la conducta observable.
El diseño de la investigación es tipo ensayo que según los autores Ortega y Gasset (1992), Esta definición que nos proporciona, está propuesta sobre la base de un diálogo, Su interés principal radica en definir el significado y la pragmática del uso de la palabra ensayo. Técnica la cual es realizada con base a la revisión teórica frente a la problemática definida para investigación.
Esta investigación se realizó con base a las fuentes de información secundarias, como lo son; artículos de investigación, libros y tesis. De manera técnica en la recolección de dicha información se realizó un análisis documental del tema a estudiar, los diferentes conceptos frente a las redes de apoyo sociales e investigaciones aplicadas a los diferentes contextos situacionales de sus realidades.
Resultados:
Influencia de las redes sociales de apoyo primarias en la desnutrición severa de los NNA.
Comprendiendo como primer resultado y relacionándose así mismo con el primer objetivo establecido. Se puede contemplar desde la revisión bibliográfica, la influencia de las redes sociales de apoyo, según los autores Donato, Kanaiaupuni y Thompson (2007), quienes descubrieron en su contexto el que las redes sociales de apoyo, proporcionan recursos importantes que mantienen más sanos a los niños, niñas y adolescentes. En razón a la primera red de apoyo se contempla la idea de que como agente interno del círculo social más allegado del NNA los padres y su nivel de escolaridad son un factor de riesgo indiscutible para la realidad de esta población en desnutrición.
Efecto de las redes sociales de apoyo secundarias en la rehabilitación de los NNA con desnutrición severa.
Como segundo resultado con base al segundo objetivo, podemos establecer el efecto de las redes sociales de apoyo secundarias en la rehabilitación de los niños niñas y adolescentes con desnutrición severa, según lo revisado en la investigación de los autores, Castaño (2009), los mismos ratifican que la rehabilitación de los niños, niñas y adolescentes, sería más efectiva si este se sostuviera desde el segundo agente social (Estado). Lo que coopera a la contextualización de la sociedad colombiana. Y su problemática en lo que se refiere como estructura social- política y económica. Demostrándose, así que la red de apoyo estatal si establece efectos en la rehabilitación de los NNA.
Contribución de las redes de apoyo terciarias en la desnutrición severa de los NNA.
Se evidencia como tercer resultado, definiéndose desde que manera pueden contribuir las redes de apoyo terciarias en la desnutrición severa de los NNA. Donde los autores Alvarado, Zunzunegui, y Delisle (2005) realizan un análisis de dos dimensiones de apoyo social, y su relación con los indicadores socioeconómicos. Lo que llega a proporcionar que en sí el estrato socio económico definiría el nivel de apoyo social para estos NNA.
Contribuyendo a identificar dichas redes de apoyo como herramientas potenciales para fortalecer la realidad de estos NNA, e ir en búsqueda de aquellas organizaciones no gubernamentales que puedan aportar a la solución de esta problemática vigente.
Conclusiones:
Comprendiendo lo antes relatado en cuanto a los resultados obtenidos, es importante manifestar que, como análisis de la influencia de las redes de apoyo sociales en los Niños Niñas y Adolescentes con desnutrición severa, se logra constatar con base al análisis de la información, el que estas redes son imprescindibles en la problemática social de desnutrición severa, en este tipo de población.
Los diferentes rasgos de la estructura social como lo son la parte económica y política, deben asociarse al apoyo de las familias de estos niños, las instituciones estatales como agentes de protección que garantizan los derechos de los mismos, y las entidades no gubernamentales que ingresan a afirmar las intervenciones para la rehabilitación y procesos de estos niños en situaciones deplorables de salud.
Siendo así que las redes sociales de apoyo influencian de manera positiva si estas se interrelacionan y trabajan mancomunadamente por la conforme nutrición y calidad de vida de los Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes.
Background: Child malnutrition is one of the most difficult social problems to eradicate, not far from our daily reality since it is based on the different social, political and economic factors, of which as a society we are part. According to the United Nations Children's Fund UNICEF (2011) "Child malnutrition is the result of insufficient food intake (in quantity and quality), lack of adequate care and the appearance of infectious diseases" that is, that malnutrition is linked to limited access to health centers, lack of economic resources, among others. It is worth mentioning that health is a universal right, and as such cannot be violated. Malnutrition according to data from the World Health Organization (WHO, 2020) attributes to about a third of infant mortality worldwide. In relation to what was investigated, it is found that children are more likely to suffer from malnutrition International organizations predict that almost 2.3 million children under the age of five will suffer from acute malnutrition in 2021, meaning that 400,000 of these children will suffer from severe acute malnutrition and could die if they do not receive urgent treatment. Objective General objective: Analyze how social support networks influence children and adolescents with severe malnutrition. Specific objectives 1. Identify the influence of primary social support networks in severe malnutrition of children and adolescents. 2. To establish the effect of secondary support social networks in the rehabilitation of children with severe malnutrition. 3. Define how tertiary support networks can contribute to severe malnutrition in children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: The research paradigm is interpretive, a paradigm that provides a meaning and/or route that allows the reality to be investigated to be visualized, from a social science objective. Max Weber (1990). The research is interpretative and is based on the theory of these authors since these same aspects must be understood and interpreted according to the reflection of the same reality of these support networks, of the subject and its relationship with the connections between the actor and the observer, to give interpretation to the different findings. The focus of this research is Qualitative according to Taylor and Bogdan (1986), these authors explain in a broad sense, research with a qualitative approach, such as those that produce descriptive data, the own words of people, spoken or written, and the observable behavior. The research design is an essay type that according to the authors Ortega y Gasset (1992), This definition that it provides us, is proposed on the basis of a dialogue, Its main interest lies in defining the meaning and pragmatics of the use of the word rehearsal. Technique which is carried out based on the theoretical review against the problem defined for research. This investigation was carried out based on secondary information sources, such as; research articles, books and theses. In a technical way, in the collection of said information, a documentary analysis of the subject to be studied was carried out, the different concepts compared to social support networks and research applied to the different situational contexts of their realities. Results: Influence of primary support social networks in severe malnutrition of children and adolescents. Understanding as the first result and relating to the first established objective. It can be seen from the literature review, the influence of social support networks, according to the authors Donato, Kanaiaupuni and Thompson (2007), who discovered in their context that social support networks provide important resources that keep people healthier. children and adolescents. Due to the first support network, the idea is contemplated that as an internal agent of the social circle closest to the NNA, the parents and their level of schooling are an indisputable risk factor for the reality of this population in malnutrition. Effect of secondary support social networks in the rehabilitation of children with severe malnutrition. As a second result based on the second objective, we can establish the effect of secondary support social networks in the rehabilitation of children and adolescents with severe malnutrition, as reviewed in the authors' research, Castaño (2009), the same confirm that the rehabilitation of children and adolescents would be more effective if it were supported by the second social agent (State). What cooperates with the contextualization of Colombian society. And its problems in what refers to the social-political and economic structure. Demonstrating, thus, that the state support network does establish effects in the rehabilitation of children and adolescents. Contribution of tertiary support networks in severe malnutrition of children and adolescents. It is evidenced as a third result, defining how tertiary support networks can contribute to severe malnutrition of children and adolescents. Where the authors Alvarado, Zunzunegui, and Delisle (2005) perform an analysis of two dimensions of social support, and its relationship with socioeconomic indicators. What comes to provide that in itself the socioeconomic stratum would define the level of social support for these NNA. Contributing to identify these support networks as potential tools to strengthen the reality of these NNA, and go in search of those non-governmental organizations that can contribute to the solution of this current problem. Conclusions: Understanding what was previously reported in terms of the results obtained, it is important to state that, as an analysis of the influence of social support networks on children and adolescents with severe malnutrition, it is possible to verify, based on the analysis of the information, that These networks are essential in the social problem of severe malnutrition in this type of population. The different features of the social structure, such as the economic and political part, must be associated with the support of the families of these children, the state institutions as protection agents that guarantee their rights, and the non-governmental entities that enter the affirm the interventions for the rehabilitation and processes of these children in deplorable health situations. Thus, social support networks have a positive influence if they interrelate and work together for the correct nutrition and quality of life of Children and Adolescents
Background: Child malnutrition is one of the most difficult social problems to eradicate, not far from our daily reality since it is based on the different social, political and economic factors, of which as a society we are part. According to the United Nations Children's Fund UNICEF (2011) "Child malnutrition is the result of insufficient food intake (in quantity and quality), lack of adequate care and the appearance of infectious diseases" that is, that malnutrition is linked to limited access to health centers, lack of economic resources, among others. It is worth mentioning that health is a universal right, and as such cannot be violated. Malnutrition according to data from the World Health Organization (WHO, 2020) attributes to about a third of infant mortality worldwide. In relation to what was investigated, it is found that children are more likely to suffer from malnutrition International organizations predict that almost 2.3 million children under the age of five will suffer from acute malnutrition in 2021, meaning that 400,000 of these children will suffer from severe acute malnutrition and could die if they do not receive urgent treatment. Objective General objective: Analyze how social support networks influence children and adolescents with severe malnutrition. Specific objectives 1. Identify the influence of primary social support networks in severe malnutrition of children and adolescents. 2. To establish the effect of secondary support social networks in the rehabilitation of children with severe malnutrition. 3. Define how tertiary support networks can contribute to severe malnutrition in children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: The research paradigm is interpretive, a paradigm that provides a meaning and/or route that allows the reality to be investigated to be visualized, from a social science objective. Max Weber (1990). The research is interpretative and is based on the theory of these authors since these same aspects must be understood and interpreted according to the reflection of the same reality of these support networks, of the subject and its relationship with the connections between the actor and the observer, to give interpretation to the different findings. The focus of this research is Qualitative according to Taylor and Bogdan (1986), these authors explain in a broad sense, research with a qualitative approach, such as those that produce descriptive data, the own words of people, spoken or written, and the observable behavior. The research design is an essay type that according to the authors Ortega y Gasset (1992), This definition that it provides us, is proposed on the basis of a dialogue, Its main interest lies in defining the meaning and pragmatics of the use of the word rehearsal. Technique which is carried out based on the theoretical review against the problem defined for research. This investigation was carried out based on secondary information sources, such as; research articles, books and theses. In a technical way, in the collection of said information, a documentary analysis of the subject to be studied was carried out, the different concepts compared to social support networks and research applied to the different situational contexts of their realities. Results: Influence of primary support social networks in severe malnutrition of children and adolescents. Understanding as the first result and relating to the first established objective. It can be seen from the literature review, the influence of social support networks, according to the authors Donato, Kanaiaupuni and Thompson (2007), who discovered in their context that social support networks provide important resources that keep people healthier. children and adolescents. Due to the first support network, the idea is contemplated that as an internal agent of the social circle closest to the NNA, the parents and their level of schooling are an indisputable risk factor for the reality of this population in malnutrition. Effect of secondary support social networks in the rehabilitation of children with severe malnutrition. As a second result based on the second objective, we can establish the effect of secondary support social networks in the rehabilitation of children and adolescents with severe malnutrition, as reviewed in the authors' research, Castaño (2009), the same confirm that the rehabilitation of children and adolescents would be more effective if it were supported by the second social agent (State). What cooperates with the contextualization of Colombian society. And its problems in what refers to the social-political and economic structure. Demonstrating, thus, that the state support network does establish effects in the rehabilitation of children and adolescents. Contribution of tertiary support networks in severe malnutrition of children and adolescents. It is evidenced as a third result, defining how tertiary support networks can contribute to severe malnutrition of children and adolescents. Where the authors Alvarado, Zunzunegui, and Delisle (2005) perform an analysis of two dimensions of social support, and its relationship with socioeconomic indicators. What comes to provide that in itself the socioeconomic stratum would define the level of social support for these NNA. Contributing to identify these support networks as potential tools to strengthen the reality of these NNA, and go in search of those non-governmental organizations that can contribute to the solution of this current problem. Conclusions: Understanding what was previously reported in terms of the results obtained, it is important to state that, as an analysis of the influence of social support networks on children and adolescents with severe malnutrition, it is possible to verify, based on the analysis of the information, that These networks are essential in the social problem of severe malnutrition in this type of population. The different features of the social structure, such as the economic and political part, must be associated with the support of the families of these children, the state institutions as protection agents that guarantee their rights, and the non-governmental entities that enter the affirm the interventions for the rehabilitation and processes of these children in deplorable health situations. Thus, social support networks have a positive influence if they interrelate and work together for the correct nutrition and quality of life of Children and Adolescents
Descripción
Palabras clave
Redes de apoyo, Desnutrición, Derechos de los Niños, Niñas, Adolescentes, Support networks, Malnutrition, Rights of Children, Adolescents
