Material particulado y trastornos de los sistemas cardiovascular y respiratorio en trabajadores de diferentes áreas: una revisión narrativa
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Galvis Vizcaíno, Stephany
León Barraza, Iccy
Padilla Urueta, Katherine
Pombo Navas, María
Rada Carrillo, Marcela
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
El objetivo del estudio de revisión fue analizar y describir la influencia de la exposición laboral a material particulado en el sistema cardiovascular y pulmonar en trabajadores de diversas áreas, con base a la bibliografía científica. La salud de las personas es influenciada en gran parte por su trabajo y las condiciones ambientales en las que se desarrolla, dentro de las cuales se destaca la exposición a material particulado (MP). El MP es una mezcla de partículas sólidas y liquidas presentes en el aire que al manejarse de manera incorrecta puede ser contraproducente en la salud de las personas. Los trabajadores de diferentes áreas se encuentran expuestos al MP de manera frecuente y prolongada, aumentando el riesgo de efectos adversos en la salud. La presente revisión narrativa se basa en artículos relacionados a los efectos del MP en los sistemas cardiovascular y pulmonar en la población general y en la población trabajadora de diversas áreas. Como resultados principales se destaca, que la exposición ocupacional al MP genera problemas de salud, especialmente en los sistemas cardiovascular y pulmonar de la población trabajadora, evidenciándose un mayor efecto en la disminución de la función pulmonar y un aumento de la presión arterial, lo que puede originando la aparición de enfermedades laborales como asbestosis, silicosis, neumoconiosis, infarto agudo de miocardio, cor pulmonare y arritmias cardiacas, que al agravarse producirían incapacidad o muerte en esta población de sectores como el industrial y minero. Se destaca la necesidad de la realización de más estudios que permitan confirmar estos resultados, así como evidenciar otros tipos de efectos en la salud cardiopulmonar de los trabajadores expuestos a MP en su ambiente laboral.
The objective of the review study was to analyze and describe the influence of occupational exposure to particulate matter on the cardiovascular and pulmonary system in workers from various areas, based on the scientific literature. People's health is largely influenced by their work and the environmental conditions in which it takes place, among which exposure to particulate matter (PM) stands out. PM is a mixture of solid and liquid particles present in the air and when it is handled incorrectly, can be detrimental to people's health. Workers in different areas are exposed to PM frequently and for a long time, increasing the risk of adverse health effects. This narrative review is based on articles related to the effects of PM on the cardiovascular system and pulmonary system in the general population and in the working population, in various areas. As main results, it is highlighted that occupational exposure to PM generates health problems, especially in the cardiovascular system and pulmonary system of the working population, showing a greater effect in the decrease of lung function and an increase in blood pressure, which it can cause the appearance of occupational diseases such as asbestosis, silicosis, pneumoconiosis, acute myocardial infarction, cor pulmonare and cardiac arrhythmias, which when worsening would produce disability or death in this population of sectors such as industrial and mining. It is necessary more studies to confirm these results, as well as to show other types of effects on the cardiopulmonary health of workers.
The objective of the review study was to analyze and describe the influence of occupational exposure to particulate matter on the cardiovascular and pulmonary system in workers from various areas, based on the scientific literature. People's health is largely influenced by their work and the environmental conditions in which it takes place, among which exposure to particulate matter (PM) stands out. PM is a mixture of solid and liquid particles present in the air and when it is handled incorrectly, can be detrimental to people's health. Workers in different areas are exposed to PM frequently and for a long time, increasing the risk of adverse health effects. This narrative review is based on articles related to the effects of PM on the cardiovascular system and pulmonary system in the general population and in the working population, in various areas. As main results, it is highlighted that occupational exposure to PM generates health problems, especially in the cardiovascular system and pulmonary system of the working population, showing a greater effect in the decrease of lung function and an increase in blood pressure, which it can cause the appearance of occupational diseases such as asbestosis, silicosis, pneumoconiosis, acute myocardial infarction, cor pulmonare and cardiac arrhythmias, which when worsening would produce disability or death in this population of sectors such as industrial and mining. It is necessary more studies to confirm these results, as well as to show other types of effects on the cardiopulmonary health of workers.
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Palabras clave
Material particulado, Exposición labora, Sistema cardiovascular, Sistema respiratorio, Particulate matter, Occupational exposure, Cardiovascular system, Respiratory system
