La extralimitación de la fuerza pública en Colombia (2020-2024): usos y abusos de poder y violaciones a los derechos de la ciudadanía
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Hurtado Navarro, Angel Custodio
Jiménez Padilla, Camilo Andrés
Puche García, Mateo De Jesús
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Este ensayo se enfocó en poner de relieve y analizar el abuso del poder y las constantes violaciones a los derechos humanos por parte de la Fuerza Pública en Colombia entre 2020 y 2024. La metodología utilizada se basó en una revisión de referencias bibliográficas de autores, instituciones oficiales y organizaciones no gubernamentales (ONG) como Amnistía Internacional y Human Rights Watch. El análisis mostró un patrón documentado de violencia estatal y abuso policial que se intensificó durante las manifestaciones sociales de 2020 y 2021, conocidas como el Estallido Social, con cifras alarmantes de violencia física, homicidios, detenciones arbitrarias y violencia sexual. Los hallazgos confirmaron que, a pesar de las reformas institucionales, como la Ley 2196 de 2022 y el Proceso de Transformación Integral, la alta tasa de impunidad y la repetición de prácticas violatorias siguen afectando a la ciudadanía en general. Todo esto resalta la urgente necesidad de fortalecer el carácter civil de la Policía Nacional y establecer un sistema de rendición de cuentas efectivo para restaurar la convivencia pacífica y la legitimidad institucional.
This essay focused on highlighting and analyzing the abuse of power and the constant human rights violations by the Public Forces in Colombia between 2020 and 2024. The methodology used was based on a review of bibliographic references from authors, official institutions and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch. The analysis showed a documented pattern of state violence and police abuse that intensified during the social demonstrations of 2020 and 2021, known as the Social Explosion, with alarming figures of physical violence, homicides, arbitrary detentions and sexual violence. The findings confirmed that, despite institutional reforms, such as Law 2196 of 2022 and the Comprehensive Transformation Process, the high rate of impunity and the repetition of violative practices continue to affect citizens in general. All this highlights the urgent need to strengthen the civilian character of the National Police and establish an effective accountability system to restore peaceful coexistence and institutional legitimacy.
This essay focused on highlighting and analyzing the abuse of power and the constant human rights violations by the Public Forces in Colombia between 2020 and 2024. The methodology used was based on a review of bibliographic references from authors, official institutions and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch. The analysis showed a documented pattern of state violence and police abuse that intensified during the social demonstrations of 2020 and 2021, known as the Social Explosion, with alarming figures of physical violence, homicides, arbitrary detentions and sexual violence. The findings confirmed that, despite institutional reforms, such as Law 2196 of 2022 and the Comprehensive Transformation Process, the high rate of impunity and the repetition of violative practices continue to affect citizens in general. All this highlights the urgent need to strengthen the civilian character of the National Police and establish an effective accountability system to restore peaceful coexistence and institutional legitimacy.
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Palabras clave
Extralimitación de la fuerza pública, Derechos Humanos, Abuso policial, Impunidad, Policía Nacional (Colombia), Estallido social
