Relación entre la presencia de síntomas osteomusculares y la percepción de los empleados sobre el clima ergonómico en el colegio Colón, colegio “El corazón de María” y E.S.E. Hospital San Antonio
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Bermúdez Mercado, Gloria
De Las Aguas Parejo, Neillys
Mejía Ramírez, Stefany
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
La implementación de principios ergonómicos en un entorno laboral día a día ha demostrado que puede beneficiar directamente al trabajador y a la organización al reducir la tensión física y mental, disminuir el riesgo de lesiones y enfermedades relacionadas con el trabajo y mejorar rendimiento laboral. Hoy día las organizaciones han entendido que su éxito no depende solo del buen funcionamiento de la maquinaria y de horas interminables de trabajo, sino que el bienestar de los trabajadores es un factor primordial en el logro de objetivos y metas; la integridad y el bienestar de los trabajadores está relacionado con el clima organizacional, donde la aplicación de principios ergonómicos en un ambiente ocupacional puede generar beneficios directos para la organización y sus trabajadores.
Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la presencia de síntomas osteomusculares y la percepción de los empleados sobre el clima ergonómico en la empresa.
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal en 60 trabajadores del Colegio Colón, Colegio “El Corazón de María” y Hospital San Antonio. Se aplicaron los instrumentos: Cuestionario Nórdico de Kourinka, Cuestionario de Clima Ergonómico de Hoffmeister. Resultados: Los síntomas osteomusculares que más han prevalecido en los trabajadores son: molestias en el cuello (43,3%), muñeca y manos (43,3%), zona baja de la espalda (41,7%) y zona alta de la espalda (38,3%). En cuanto a la percepción del clima de seguridad física y personal se presentaron percepciones bajas para las variables de capacitación a los empleados (55%) y sistemas de seguridad (51,7%). En cuanto al clima ergonómico, se obtuvieron percepciones bajas de formación y conocimiento de los empleados (55% y 53%, respectivamente), tanto en indicadores empresariales como en el bienestar de los trabajadores. Por último, en esta misma variable se obtuvo una percepción baja al relacionarla con el clima ergonómico y los síntomas osteomusculares con resultados de 56,5% y 52% para la zona alta y baja de la espalda.
The implementation of ergonomic principles in a day-to-day work environment has been shown to directly benefit the worker and the organization by reducing physical and mental strain, reducing the risk of work-related injuries and illnesses, and improving job performance. Nowadays, organizations have understood that their success does not depend only on the proper functioning of the machinery and endless hours of work, but that the well-being of the workers is a primary factor in the achievement of objectives and goals; The integrity and well-being of workers is related to the organizational climate, where the application of ergonomic principles in an occupational environment can generate direct benefits for the organization and its workers. Objective: To determine the relationship between the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms and the employees' perception of the ergonomic climate in the company. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study in 60 workers from Colegio Colón, Colegio "El Corazón de María" and Hospital San Antonio. The instruments were applied: Kourinka Nordic Questionnaire, Hoffmeister Ergonomic Climate Questionnaire. Results: The most prevalent musculoskeletal symptoms in workers are: discomfort in the neck (43.3%), wrist and hands (43.3%), lower back area (41.7%) and upper back area. the back (38.3%). Regarding the perception of the climate of physical and personal security, low perceptions were presented for the variables of employee training (55%) and security systems (51.7%). Regarding the ergonomic climate, low perceptions of employee training and knowledge were obtained (55% and 53%, respectively), both in business indicators and in the well-being of workers. Finally, in this same variable, a low perception was obtained when relating it to the ergonomic climate and musculoskeletal symptoms with results of 56.5% and 52% for the upper and lower back.
The implementation of ergonomic principles in a day-to-day work environment has been shown to directly benefit the worker and the organization by reducing physical and mental strain, reducing the risk of work-related injuries and illnesses, and improving job performance. Nowadays, organizations have understood that their success does not depend only on the proper functioning of the machinery and endless hours of work, but that the well-being of the workers is a primary factor in the achievement of objectives and goals; The integrity and well-being of workers is related to the organizational climate, where the application of ergonomic principles in an occupational environment can generate direct benefits for the organization and its workers. Objective: To determine the relationship between the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms and the employees' perception of the ergonomic climate in the company. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study in 60 workers from Colegio Colón, Colegio "El Corazón de María" and Hospital San Antonio. The instruments were applied: Kourinka Nordic Questionnaire, Hoffmeister Ergonomic Climate Questionnaire. Results: The most prevalent musculoskeletal symptoms in workers are: discomfort in the neck (43.3%), wrist and hands (43.3%), lower back area (41.7%) and upper back area. the back (38.3%). Regarding the perception of the climate of physical and personal security, low perceptions were presented for the variables of employee training (55%) and security systems (51.7%). Regarding the ergonomic climate, low perceptions of employee training and knowledge were obtained (55% and 53%, respectively), both in business indicators and in the well-being of workers. Finally, in this same variable, a low perception was obtained when relating it to the ergonomic climate and musculoskeletal symptoms with results of 56.5% and 52% for the upper and lower back.
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Palabras clave
Clima ergonómico, Síntomas osteomusculares, Percepción ergonómica, Desempeño de la organización, Bienestar y salud, Ergonomic climate, Musculoskeletal symptoms, Ergonomic perception, Organizational performance, Well-being and heal
