Efectividad de un programa de intervención psicoeducativa para el fortalecimiento de las habilidades sociales en personas privadas de la libertad
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Fecha
2019
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Saber UCV, Universidad Central de Venezuela
Resumen
El presente estudio se desarrolla desde la metodología inves tigación acción en educación, y corresponde a un proceso de
tratamiento penitenciario que busca favorecer el proceso de
resocialización de los participantes, las cuales son personas
privadas de la libertad (PPL). Después de la identificación
de necesidades, se estableció como objetivo incrementar
el nivel de habilidades sociales de los PPL participantes del
estudio por medio de un programa psicoeducativo basado
en el aprendizaje estructurado de Arnold Goldstein. Este
estudio se elaboró a través de 4 fases desde el modelo de
Stringer: detección del problema, elaboración del plan, im plementación-evaluación y retroalimentación. La fase inicial
de la detección de necesidades se llevó a cabo por medio
de instrumentos cualitativos. La fase de evaluación empleó
el modelo de los 4 niveles de Kirkpatrick y Kirkpatrick, eva luando cada sesión con respecto a los niveles de reacción,
aprendizaje, comportamiento y resultados. Para determinar
el nivel de efectividad del programa se empleó un diseño pre experimental preprueba/posprueba con un solo grupo. Los
resultados de la prueba de rangos con signo de Wilcoxon
fueron de 0,036, p>0,05, evidenciándose una diferencia sig nificativa en las medias del puntaje obtenido antes y después
del entrenamiento en habilidades sociales, aceptándose la
hipótesis alterna. La magnitud del efecto por medio de la d
de Cohen, identifica un nivel grande de efectividad, d=-0,76
con respecto al programa diseñado y aplicado. Los partici pantes aumentaron su nivel de habilidades sociales, desde
un eneatipo bajo (78,6%) a un eneatipo normal (92%). Las
conclusiones indican que, sí se logró el incremento en las
habilidades sociales a través del programa diseñado, forta leciendo las habilidades sociales avanzadas, las habilidades
para hacer frente al estrés y las habilidades relacionadas con
los sentimientos.
The present study is developed from the action research methodology in education, and corresponds to a penitentiary treatment process that seeks to favor the process of resocialization of the participants, who are persons deprived of liberty (PPL). After the identification of needs, the objective was to increase the level of social skills of the participants of the study through a psychoeducational program based on the structured learning of Arnold Goldstein. This study was developed through 4 phases from the Stringer model: problem detection, preparation of the plan, implementation-evaluation and feedback. The initial phase needs detection was carried out by qualitative instruments. The evaluation phase used the model of the 4 levels of Kirkpatrick and Kirkpatrick, evaluating each session with respect to levels of reaction, learning, be havior and results. To determine the level of effectiveness of the program, a pre-experimental design pretest / posttest with one group was used. The results of the Wilcoxon signed rank test were 0.036, p<0.05, evidencing a significant difference in mean score obtained before and after social skills train ing, accepting the alternative hypothesis. The magnitude of the effect by means of the Cohen d, identifies a large level of effectiveness, d=-0.76 with respect to the program designed and applied. Participants increased their level of social skills, from a low-level (78.6%) to a normal (92%). The conclusions indicate that the increase in social skills was achieved through the designed program, strengthening advanced social skills, coping skills and feelings-related skills.
The present study is developed from the action research methodology in education, and corresponds to a penitentiary treatment process that seeks to favor the process of resocialization of the participants, who are persons deprived of liberty (PPL). After the identification of needs, the objective was to increase the level of social skills of the participants of the study through a psychoeducational program based on the structured learning of Arnold Goldstein. This study was developed through 4 phases from the Stringer model: problem detection, preparation of the plan, implementation-evaluation and feedback. The initial phase needs detection was carried out by qualitative instruments. The evaluation phase used the model of the 4 levels of Kirkpatrick and Kirkpatrick, evaluating each session with respect to levels of reaction, learning, be havior and results. To determine the level of effectiveness of the program, a pre-experimental design pretest / posttest with one group was used. The results of the Wilcoxon signed rank test were 0.036, p<0.05, evidencing a significant difference in mean score obtained before and after social skills train ing, accepting the alternative hypothesis. The magnitude of the effect by means of the Cohen d, identifies a large level of effectiveness, d=-0.76 with respect to the program designed and applied. Participants increased their level of social skills, from a low-level (78.6%) to a normal (92%). The conclusions indicate that the increase in social skills was achieved through the designed program, strengthening advanced social skills, coping skills and feelings-related skills.
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Palabras clave
Investigación acción educativa, Habilidades sociales, personas privadas de la libertad, Programa psicoeducativo, resocialización, educational action research, social skills, prisoners, psychoeducational program, resocialization
