Comportamiento epidemiológico del dengue y estado de la susceptibilidad a insecticidas organofosforados en poblaciones de Aedes aegypti de Colombia: Un análisis retrospectivo, 2017-2024
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
2025
Autores
Mejía Amaya, Jandris Andrea
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Faculatd de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Faculatd de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Resumen
El dengue es un evento de interés en salud publica en Colombia, su agente etiológico es un arbovirus que pertenece al género Flavivirus del cual se han identificado cuatro serotipos circulantes DENV-1 DENV-2 DENV-3 DENV-4 y el vector encargado de transmitirlos es el mosquito Aedes aegypti. A lo largo de los años la incidencia de esta enfermedad viral ha aumentado, influenciada por factores como el cambio climático, la resistencia de este vector a insecticidas y la capacidad de respuesta del sistema de salud. Por lo tanto, se realizó un estudio descriptivo implementando una metodología sistemática, dando como resultado el análisis de los casos totales, con signos y sin signos de alarma, además de casos de dengue grave y casos de muerte, donde la evolución de los casos de dengue en Colombia entre 2017 y 2024 mostraron un patrón fluctuante con picos epidémicos marcados.
Sin dejar de lado la severidad del contagio de este virus, se realizó un sondeo en los casos de Dengue grave y los casos de muerte, dejando en evidencia que el 2019, 2023 y 2024 presentaron gran cantidad de casos en comparación con los años anteriores, lo que llevo a indagar la procedencia de este aumento significativo, encontrando como justificación para esa proliferación de Dengue grave y casos de muerte condiciones como el cambio climático y la dispersión de los 4 serotipos (DENV-1 DENV-2 DENV-3 DENV-4) en un mismo departamento, aumentando significativamente la gravedad del contagio. De manera continua, analizando esta tendencia de dispersión de los serotipos, se llevó a cabo la recopilación de la información presentada por los boletines epidemiológicos correspondiente a la presencia de cada serotipo en cada departamento por año.
En última instancia se realizó una revisión integrada de artículos referentes a la resistencia y susceptibilidad del vector Ae. aegypti frente a insecticidas organofosforados (Malatión, Fenitrotion, Pirimifos-metil y Temefos), donde se pudo apreciar que en los últimos años se viene presentando una tendencia de resistencia del vector a Malatión y Fenitrotion, sin embargo, se mantuvo una susceptibilidad de manera intermitente para Pirimifos-metil y Temefos, abriendo cabida a una posible alternativa de variación y rotación de estos insecticidas.
Dengue is a public health concern in Colombia. Its etiological agent is an arbovirus belonging to the genus Flavivirus, of which four circulating serotypes have been identified: DENV-1, DENV- 2, DENV-3, and DENV-4. The vector responsible for transmitting them is the Ae. aegypti mosquito. Over the years, the incidence of this viral disease has increased, influenced by factors such as climate change, insecticide resistance in this vector, and the response capacity of the health system. Therefore, a descriptive study was conducted using a systematic methodology. This resulted in the analysis of total cases, with and without warning signs, as well as severe dengue cases and deaths. The evolution of dengue cases in Colombia between 2017 and 2024 showed a fluctuating pattern with marked epidemic peaks. While acknowledging the severity of this virus's transmission, a survey was conducted on cases of severe dengue and deaths, revealing that 2019, 2023, and 2024 saw a significant increase in cases compared to previous years. This prompted an investigation into the origin of this significant rise, finding that factors such as climate change and the spread of the four serotypes (DENV-1, DENV- 2, DENV-3, and DENV-4) within the same department, significantly increasing the severity of the infection, could explain the proliferation of severe dengue and deaths. Continuously analyzing this trend of serotype spread, information was compiled from epidemiological bulletins regarding the presence of each serotype in each department per year. Ultimately, an integrated review of articles concerning the resistance and susceptibility of the Ae. aegypti vector to organophosphate insecticides (Malathion, Fenitrothion, Pirimiphos-methyl and Temephos) was carried out, where it could be seen that in recent years there has been a trend of resistance of the vector to Malathion and Fenitrothion, however, susceptibility was maintained intermittently for Pirimiphos-methyl and Temephos, opening up a possible alternative of variation and rotation of these insecticides.
Dengue is a public health concern in Colombia. Its etiological agent is an arbovirus belonging to the genus Flavivirus, of which four circulating serotypes have been identified: DENV-1, DENV- 2, DENV-3, and DENV-4. The vector responsible for transmitting them is the Ae. aegypti mosquito. Over the years, the incidence of this viral disease has increased, influenced by factors such as climate change, insecticide resistance in this vector, and the response capacity of the health system. Therefore, a descriptive study was conducted using a systematic methodology. This resulted in the analysis of total cases, with and without warning signs, as well as severe dengue cases and deaths. The evolution of dengue cases in Colombia between 2017 and 2024 showed a fluctuating pattern with marked epidemic peaks. While acknowledging the severity of this virus's transmission, a survey was conducted on cases of severe dengue and deaths, revealing that 2019, 2023, and 2024 saw a significant increase in cases compared to previous years. This prompted an investigation into the origin of this significant rise, finding that factors such as climate change and the spread of the four serotypes (DENV-1, DENV- 2, DENV-3, and DENV-4) within the same department, significantly increasing the severity of the infection, could explain the proliferation of severe dengue and deaths. Continuously analyzing this trend of serotype spread, information was compiled from epidemiological bulletins regarding the presence of each serotype in each department per year. Ultimately, an integrated review of articles concerning the resistance and susceptibility of the Ae. aegypti vector to organophosphate insecticides (Malathion, Fenitrothion, Pirimiphos-methyl and Temephos) was carried out, where it could be seen that in recent years there has been a trend of resistance of the vector to Malathion and Fenitrothion, however, susceptibility was maintained intermittently for Pirimiphos-methyl and Temephos, opening up a possible alternative of variation and rotation of these insecticides.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Dengue, Aedes aegypti, Resistencia a insecticidas, Organofosforados
