Terapia de aceptación y compromiso en el manejo de la inflexibilidad psicológica en paciente oncológica de una clínica de Cúcuta, Norte de Santander
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Moreno Jiménez, Leisly Karina
Peña Pinto, Andrea Paola
Quintero Carrascal, Zoraida
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El cáncer de cérvix, además de representar una amenaza física, genera un profundo impacto emocional en quienes lo padecen, especialmente en contextos de vulnerabilidad
social como el de la paciente AM. En este estudio de caso clínico, se evaluó la efectividad de la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso (ACT) en el manejo de la inflexibilidad psicológica de una mujer de 59 años diagnosticada recientemente con cáncer de cuello uterino. El diseño metodológico es estudio de caso tipo A-B-A, con evaluación pre y post intervención mediante instrumentos validados como el AAQ-II, CFQ, ERQ, GHQ-12 y VQ.
Durante la intervención, que se desarrolló en 18 sesiones estructuradas en seis procesos centrales de ACT (aceptación, defusión cognitiva, contacto con el momento
presente, yo como contexto, clarificación de valores y acción comprometida), se abordaron patrones de evitación experiencial, fusión cognitiva, desregulación emocional, desactivación conductual y desconexión de valores. Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron una reducción significativa en la evitación experiencial (de 38 a 11 en AAQ-II) y la fusión cognitiva (de 38 a 17 en CFQ), así como mejoras en la regulación emocional y una mayor conexión con los valores personales (VQ subescala de progreso aumentó de 6 a 27). Asimismo, el puntaje del GHQ-12 pasó de 33 a 2, indicando una mejoría clínica sustancial en el malestar psicológico general.
Los hallazgos sugieren que la ACT es una intervención eficaz para promover la flexibilidad psicológica en pacientes oncológicos, permitiéndoles responder de manera más
adaptativa al sufrimiento, sin renunciar a una vida significativa.
Cervical cancer, in addition to representing a physical threat, generates a profound emotional impact on those who suffer from it, especially in contexts of social vulnerability such as that of the AM patient. In this clinical case study, the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in the management of psychological inflexibility in a 59-year-old woman recently diagnosed with cervical cancer, resident in the city of Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, was evaluated. The methodological design corresponds to an A-B-A case study, with pre- and post-intervention evaluation using validated instruments such as AAQ II, CFQ, ERQ, GHQ-12 and VQ. During the intervention, which was developed in 18 sessions structured in six central ACT processes (acceptance, cognitive defusion, contact with the present moment, self as context, clarification of values and committed action), patterns of experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, emotional dysregulation, behavioral deactivation and disconnection of values were addressed. The results obtained showed a significant reduction in experiential avoidance (from 38 to 11 in AAQ-II) and cognitive fusion (from 38 to 17 in CFQ), as well as improvements in emotional regulation and a greater connection with personal values (VQ progress subscale increased from 6 to 27). Likewise, the GHQ-12 score went from 33 to 2, indicating a substantial clinical improvement in general psychological distress. The findings suggest that ACT is an effective intervention to promote psychological flexibility in cancer patients, allowing them to respond more adaptively to suffering, without giving up a meaningful life.
Cervical cancer, in addition to representing a physical threat, generates a profound emotional impact on those who suffer from it, especially in contexts of social vulnerability such as that of the AM patient. In this clinical case study, the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in the management of psychological inflexibility in a 59-year-old woman recently diagnosed with cervical cancer, resident in the city of Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, was evaluated. The methodological design corresponds to an A-B-A case study, with pre- and post-intervention evaluation using validated instruments such as AAQ II, CFQ, ERQ, GHQ-12 and VQ. During the intervention, which was developed in 18 sessions structured in six central ACT processes (acceptance, cognitive defusion, contact with the present moment, self as context, clarification of values and committed action), patterns of experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, emotional dysregulation, behavioral deactivation and disconnection of values were addressed. The results obtained showed a significant reduction in experiential avoidance (from 38 to 11 in AAQ-II) and cognitive fusion (from 38 to 17 in CFQ), as well as improvements in emotional regulation and a greater connection with personal values (VQ progress subscale increased from 6 to 27). Likewise, the GHQ-12 score went from 33 to 2, indicating a substantial clinical improvement in general psychological distress. The findings suggest that ACT is an effective intervention to promote psychological flexibility in cancer patients, allowing them to respond more adaptively to suffering, without giving up a meaningful life.
Descripción
Palabras clave
ACT, Cáncer de cérvix, Inflexibilidad psicológica, Evitación experiencial, Fusión cognitiva
