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Electroconvulsive Therapy in Psychiatric Disorders: A Narrative Review Exploring Neuroendocrine–Immune Therapeutic Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

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datacite.rightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2eng
dc.contributor.authorRojas, Milagros
dc.contributor.authorAriza, Daniela
dc.contributor.authorOrtega, Ángel
dc.contributor.authorRiaño-Garzón, Manuel E.
dc.contributor.authorChávez-Castillo, Mervin
dc.contributor.authorPérez, José Luis
dc.contributor.authorCudris-Torres, Lorena
dc.contributor.authorBautista, María Judith
dc.contributor.authorMedina-Ortiz, Oscar
dc.contributor.authorRojas-Quintero, Joselyn
dc.contributor.authorBermúdez, Valmore
dc.date.accessioned2022-11-16T13:40:41Z
dc.date.available2022-11-16T13:40:41Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is based on conducting an electrical current through the brain to stimulate it and trigger generalized convulsion activity with therapeutic ends. Due to the efficient use of ECT during the last years, interest in the molecular bases involved in its mechanism of action has increased. Therefore, different hypotheses have emerged. In this context, the goal of this review is to describe the neurobiological, endocrine, and immune mechanisms involved in ECT and to detail its clinical efficacy in different psychiatric pathologies. This is a narrative review in which an extensive literature search was performed on the Scopus, Embase, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases from inception to February 2022. The terms “electroconvulsive therapy”, “neurobiological effects of electroconvulsive therapy”, “molecular mechanisms in electroconvulsive therapy”, and “psychiatric disorders” were among the keywords used in the search. The mechanisms of action of ECT include neurobiological function modifications and endocrine and immune changes that take place after ECT. Among these, the decrease in neural network hyperconnectivity, neuroinflammation reduction, neurogenesis promotion, modulation of different monoaminergic systems, and hypothalamus–hypophysis–adrenal and hypothalamus–hypophysis–thyroid axes normalization have been described. The majority of these elements are physiopathological components and therapeutic targets in different mental illnesses. Likewise, the use of ECT has recently expanded, with evidence of its use for other pathologies, such as Parkinson’s disease psychosis, malignant neuroleptic syndrome, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive–compulsive disorder. In conclusion, there is sufficient evidence to support the efficacy of ECT in the treatment of different psychiatric disorders, potentially through immune, endocrine, and neurobiological systems.eng
dc.format.mimetypepdfspa
dc.identifier.citationRojas, M., Ariza, D., Ortega, Á., Riaño-Garzón, M. E., Chávez-Castillo, M., Pérez, J. L., Cudris-Torres, L., Bautista, M. J., Medina-Ortiz, O., Rojas-Quintero, J., & Bermúdez, V. (2022). Electroconvulsive Therapy in Psychiatric Disorders: A Narrative Review Exploring Neuroendocrine–Immune Therapeutic Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(13), 6918. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23136918eng
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23136918
dc.identifier.issn14220067
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/11317
dc.language.isoengspa
dc.publisherMDPIspa
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional*
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesseng
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/*
dc.sourceInternational Journal of Molecular Scienceseng
dc.sourceVol. 23, Issue 13 (2022)eng
dc.subjectelectroconvulsive therapyeng
dc.subjectmood disorderseng
dc.subjectneuroinflammatory diseaseseng
dc.subjectneurogenesiseng
dc.subjectneurotransmitter agentseng
dc.subjecthippocampuseng
dc.subjectrefractory depressioneng
dc.subjectschizophreniaeng
dc.titleElectroconvulsive Therapy in Psychiatric Disorders: A Narrative Review Exploring Neuroendocrine–Immune Therapeutic Mechanisms and Clinical Implicationseng
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleeng
dc.type.spaArtículo científicospa
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