La problemática multidimensional del embarazo y la maternidad adolescente en el barrio Nueva Colombia
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Fecha
2021
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Este proyecto investigativo tiene como objetivo principalmente analizar las causas
multidimensionales que inciden en el embarazo y la maternidad adolescente bajo
una mirada crítica y un enfoque biopsicosocial desde el marco del método
cualitativo ya que nos permitirá recolectar información a través de creencias,
valores y pensamientos asociados a los objetivos de estudio a través de historias
de vida basada en la experiencia de tres (3) adolescentes del barrio Nueva
Colombia de la ciudad de Barranquilla, Atlántico; de esta manera se analizaron los
diversos contextos y factores de este fenómeno, los cuales pueden contribuir al
estudio y elaboración de estrategias educativas y pedagógicas para prevenir los
embarazos adolescentes, teniendo en cuenta las consecuencias que esto conlleva
tales como los cambios físicos y el desarrollo social y emocional de las gestantes y
lactantes.
Esta investigación se apoyó en distintos referentes teóricos como antecedentes a
nivel nacional e internacional, correspondientes a tesis de especialización,
maestría y doctorado; los cuales a nivel general se basan en metodologías
cuantitativas y cualitativas y de este modo, analizar los factores y resultados
evidenciados en cada contexto para abordar distintos puntos de vista,
percepciones y situaciones dadas en el estudio de cada antecedente; y de esa
manera abordar una mirada integral, crítica y objetiva con la finalidad de brindar un
apoyo teórico a los argumentos planteados en esta investigación.
A través del desarrollo de las historias de vida, se logró indagar frente a las
experiencias del embarazo en las adolescentes entrevistadas, y a su vez
determinar los factores multidimensionales y los determinantes de mayor
contribución en el embarazo y la maternidad adolescente. Un primer factor fue el
difícil acceso a la anticoncepción, ya que, pese a que dos de las adolescentes
tenían conocimiento de ello y la manera de utilizarlos, no tuvieron el suficiente
acceso para recurrir a ellos. Como segundo factor identificamos la construcción
cultural e histórica del embarazo en sus entornos sociales, ya que dos de las
adolescentes entrevistadas aseguraron que en su familia el embarazo adolescente
es un aspecto naturalizado, y por ende, para ellas es completamente normal el
proceso de gestación y maternidad, por el cual están atravesando.
Por último, y para generar una propuesta de intervención social para desarrollar
procesos reflexivos con las adolescentes sobre educación sexual, el control de sus
vidas y la autorrealización. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se sugiere a los
entes gubernamentales, crear programas en los barrios más vulnerables y sobre
todo a aquellos que cuenten con una tasa alta de embarazos en adolescentes; con
el fin de apoyar los esfuerzos para incidir en la prevención y disminución del
mismo, al proporcionar servicios de planificación familiar accesibles, y a su vez,
establecer pautas clínicas para el uso garantizado y eficaz de los métodos
anticonceptivos.
This research project aims mainly to analyze the multidimensional causes that affect pregnancy and adolescent motherhood under a critical eye and a biopsychosocial approach from the framework of the qualitative method since it will allow us to collect information through beliefs, values and thoughts associated with the study objectives through life stories based on the experience of three (3) adolescents from the Nueva Colombia neighborhood of the city of Barranquilla, Atlántico; In this way, the various contexts and factors of this phenomenon were analyzed, which can contribute to the study and elaboration of educational and pedagogical strategies to prevent adolescent pregnancies, taking into account the consequences that this entails, such as physical changes and social development. and emotional of pregnant and lactating women. This research was supported by different antecedents at national and international level, corresponding to thesis of specialization, master's and doctorate; which at a general level were based on quantitative and qualitative methodologies and thus, analyze the factors and results evidenced in each context to address different points of view, perceptions and situations given in the study of each antecedent; and thus approach a comprehensive, critical and objective view in order to provide theoretical support to the arguments raised in this research. Through the development of life stories, we learned about the diversity of pregnancy experiences with interviewed adolescents, also we were able to determine the multidimensional factors and the determinants of greater contribution in pregnancy and adolescent motherhood. A first factor was the difficult access to contraception, since, despite the fact that two of the adolescents knew about it and how to use it, they did not have enough access to use it. As a second factor, we identify the cultural and historical construction of pregnancy in their social settings, since two of the adolescents interviewed assured that in their family, adolescent pregnancy is a naturalized aspect, and therefore, for them the gestation and motherhood process is completely normal . Finally, and to generate a proposal for social intervention to develop reflective processes with adolescents on sexual education, control of their lives and self-realization. Based on the results obtained, it is suggested that government entities create programs in the most vulnerable neighborhoods and especially those with a high rate of teenage pregnancies; in order to support efforts to influence the prevention and reduction of it, by providing accessible family planning services, and in turn, establishing clinical guidelines for the guaranteed and effective use of contraceptive methods.
This research project aims mainly to analyze the multidimensional causes that affect pregnancy and adolescent motherhood under a critical eye and a biopsychosocial approach from the framework of the qualitative method since it will allow us to collect information through beliefs, values and thoughts associated with the study objectives through life stories based on the experience of three (3) adolescents from the Nueva Colombia neighborhood of the city of Barranquilla, Atlántico; In this way, the various contexts and factors of this phenomenon were analyzed, which can contribute to the study and elaboration of educational and pedagogical strategies to prevent adolescent pregnancies, taking into account the consequences that this entails, such as physical changes and social development. and emotional of pregnant and lactating women. This research was supported by different antecedents at national and international level, corresponding to thesis of specialization, master's and doctorate; which at a general level were based on quantitative and qualitative methodologies and thus, analyze the factors and results evidenced in each context to address different points of view, perceptions and situations given in the study of each antecedent; and thus approach a comprehensive, critical and objective view in order to provide theoretical support to the arguments raised in this research. Through the development of life stories, we learned about the diversity of pregnancy experiences with interviewed adolescents, also we were able to determine the multidimensional factors and the determinants of greater contribution in pregnancy and adolescent motherhood. A first factor was the difficult access to contraception, since, despite the fact that two of the adolescents knew about it and how to use it, they did not have enough access to use it. As a second factor, we identify the cultural and historical construction of pregnancy in their social settings, since two of the adolescents interviewed assured that in their family, adolescent pregnancy is a naturalized aspect, and therefore, for them the gestation and motherhood process is completely normal . Finally, and to generate a proposal for social intervention to develop reflective processes with adolescents on sexual education, control of their lives and self-realization. Based on the results obtained, it is suggested that government entities create programs in the most vulnerable neighborhoods and especially those with a high rate of teenage pregnancies; in order to support efforts to influence the prevention and reduction of it, by providing accessible family planning services, and in turn, establishing clinical guidelines for the guaranteed and effective use of contraceptive methods.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Historias de vida, Embarazos adolescentes, Maternidad, Barranquilla, Causas multidimensionales, Life stories, Teenage pregnancies, Motherhood, Multidimensional causes
