Evaluación del impacto de modelos participativos y tecnológicos en la mejora del servicio en atención primaria en salud para poblaciones vulnerables en Barranquilla
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Fecha
2026
Autores
Carcamo Álvarez, Deibys Fabricio
Bello Castro, Karen Nataly
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
La investigación tuvo como objetivo la evaluación de la incorporación de metodologías participativas y tecnológicas accesibles en la calidad, accesbilidad, continuidad y tiempos de respuesta de la atención primaria en salud (APS) en contexto vulnerables del distrito de Barranquilla.
El estudio se sustenta teóricamente en enfoques contemporáneos como el diseño de servicios, el diseño de experiencias y el pensamiento de diseño (Brown, 2009; Stickdorn et al., 2018), complementados por metodologías participativas como la co-creación y el Experience-Based Co-Design (Robert et al., 2015). Asimismo, se apoya en el enfoque sistémico (Meadows, 2008) y en el modelo de calidad de Donabedian (1988), integrando dimensiones técnicas, interpersonales y de resultados. Desde la perspectiva normativa, la investigación se fundamenta en la Constitución Política de Colombia (Art. 49), la Ley 1438 de 2011, la Ley Estatutaria 1751 de 2015 y el marco operativo de la Política de Atención Integral en Salud (PAIS).
Metodológicamente, se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cualitativo, con predominio descriptivo–analítico. Se estructuró en tres fases secuenciales: (I) análisis del impacto en tiempos de respuesta, continuidad y accesibilidad mediante revisión documental (2020–2024), análisis de bases institucionales de MiRed Barranquilla IPS y observación no participante en centros de APS; (II) identificación de factores de éxito o fracaso en la implementación de innovaciones, mediante categorización teórica y análisis cualitativo; y (III) diseño de estrategias de coordinación organizativa apoyadas en modelado de procesos BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation). Se emplearon herramientas como Excel, SPSS y Power BI para el procesamiento y visualización de datos. Los resultados evidencian que la integración de metodologías participativas y tecnologías accesibles contribuye a mejorar la continuidad del cuidado en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas, optimizar tiempos de atención cuando existe coordinación efectiva entre niveles asistenciales y fortalecer la percepción de calidad del servicio. Noobstante, el impacto depende críticamente de factores como el liderazgo institucional, la cultura organizacional, la interoperabilidad tecnológica y el cumplimiento de protocolos de referencia y contrarreferencia. Se concluye que la innovación tecnológica sin participación comunitaria y sin articulación organizativa pierde efectividad en contextos vulnerables.
This research aimed to evaluate how the incorporation of participatory methodologies and accessible technologies influences the quality, accessibility, continuity, and response times of Primary Health Care (PHC) services in vulnerable contexts within the District of Barranquilla. The study is theoretically grounded in contemporary approaches such as Service Design, Experience Design, and Design Thinking (Brown, 2009; Stickdorn et al., 2018), complemented by participatory methodologies including co-creation and Experience- Based Co-Design (Robert et al., 2015). It is further supported by systems thinking (Meadows, 2008) and Donabedian’s quality of care model (1988), integrating technical, interpersonal, and outcome dimensions. From a regulatory perspective, the research is framed within the Political Constitution of Colombia (Art. 49), Law 1438 of 2011, Statutory Law 1751 of 2015, and the operational framework of the Comprehensive Health Care Policy (PAIS). Methodologically, the study was conducted under a qualitative approach with a descriptive–analytical emphasis. It was structured into three sequential phases: (I) analysis of the impact on response times, continuity, and accessibility through documentary review (2020–2024), institutional database analysis from MiRed Barranquilla IPS, and non-participant observation in PHC centers; (II) identification of success and failure factors in the implementation of innovations through theoretical categorization and qualitative analysis; and (III) design of organizational coordination strategies supported by process modeling (BPMN). Tools such as Excel, SPSS, and Power BI were used for data processing and visualization. The findings demonstrate that the integration of participatory methodologies and accessible technologies contributes to improved continuity of care for patients with chronic diseases, optimization of service delivery times when effective coordination between levels of care exists, and strengthening of perceived service quality. However, the impact critically depends on factors such as institutional leadership, organizational culture, technological interoperability, and compliance with referral and counter-referral protocols. It is concluded that technological innovation without community participation and organizational articulation loses effectiveness in vulnerable contexts.
This research aimed to evaluate how the incorporation of participatory methodologies and accessible technologies influences the quality, accessibility, continuity, and response times of Primary Health Care (PHC) services in vulnerable contexts within the District of Barranquilla. The study is theoretically grounded in contemporary approaches such as Service Design, Experience Design, and Design Thinking (Brown, 2009; Stickdorn et al., 2018), complemented by participatory methodologies including co-creation and Experience- Based Co-Design (Robert et al., 2015). It is further supported by systems thinking (Meadows, 2008) and Donabedian’s quality of care model (1988), integrating technical, interpersonal, and outcome dimensions. From a regulatory perspective, the research is framed within the Political Constitution of Colombia (Art. 49), Law 1438 of 2011, Statutory Law 1751 of 2015, and the operational framework of the Comprehensive Health Care Policy (PAIS). Methodologically, the study was conducted under a qualitative approach with a descriptive–analytical emphasis. It was structured into three sequential phases: (I) analysis of the impact on response times, continuity, and accessibility through documentary review (2020–2024), institutional database analysis from MiRed Barranquilla IPS, and non-participant observation in PHC centers; (II) identification of success and failure factors in the implementation of innovations through theoretical categorization and qualitative analysis; and (III) design of organizational coordination strategies supported by process modeling (BPMN). Tools such as Excel, SPSS, and Power BI were used for data processing and visualization. The findings demonstrate that the integration of participatory methodologies and accessible technologies contributes to improved continuity of care for patients with chronic diseases, optimization of service delivery times when effective coordination between levels of care exists, and strengthening of perceived service quality. However, the impact critically depends on factors such as institutional leadership, organizational culture, technological interoperability, and compliance with referral and counter-referral protocols. It is concluded that technological innovation without community participation and organizational articulation loses effectiveness in vulnerable contexts.
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Palabras clave
Atención Primaria en salud (APS), Innovación, Participación, Tecnología
