Relación entre maltrato animal y violencia psicológica de pareja contra la mujer
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Olaya Molina, Edwin Orlando
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Antecedentes: Los animales han comenzado a tomar un nuevo rol en las sociedades. De ser considerados objetos a disposición de su “propietario”, han pasado a ser percibidos como seres sintientes, capaces de experimentar un amplio rango de emociones y, sobre todo, de sentir dolor, lo cual ha llevado, por un lado, a todo un movimiento de protección y de reconocimiento de sus derechos y, por otro, a que algunos hayan dejado de ser vistos como animales domésticos o mascotas para convertirse en miembros de la familia. El cambio en la forma de percibir a los animales en la sociedad y su calidad como seres sintientes ha dado lugar a numerosas y variadas investigaciones que han explorado los diferentes factores implicados en el fenómeno del maltrato animal. Las primeras y más representativas sentaron las bases de la asociación de esta forma de violencia con el maltrato infantil, lo cual resultó en planteamientos teóricos como lo son la hipótesis de graduación de la violencia y la hipótesis de generalización de la desviación. Con el tiempo y nuevas investigaciones se estableció una nueva relación, esta vez, entre el maltrato animal y la violencia de pareja, especialmente, contra la mujer. La violencia de pareja contra la mujer, luego del reconocimiento de la violencia de género y su impacto en las dinámicas sociales, tanto en lo público como en lo privado, ha sido un fenómeno de especial interés para las ciencias humanas, lo cual ha dado como resultado un amplio cuerpo de investigación con diferentes enfoques teóricos. En el estudio de la violencia de pareja contra la mujer se han identificado, además de los factores de riesgo con mayor prevalencia, diferentes expresiones de vulneración: física, sexual, económica y psicológica, y dentro de esta última, un amplio rango de comportamientos orientados a ejercer control y dominio sobre todos los aspectos de la vida de la mujer, a este grupo de comportamientos se les ha denominado tácticas coercitivas o terrorismo íntimo. En el estudio de la violencia psicológica de pareja contra la mujer se ha documentado, principalmente, con base en los reportes de víctimas que se encuentran en refugios, un doble ejercicio por parte del perpetrador de la violencia proactiva fue identificado: el uso y maltrato de los animales de compañía como medio para controlar, aterrorizar, intimidar o castigar a la mujer.
Objetivos: La presente monografía tiene por objetivo identificar las particularidades que configuran la relación entre el maltrato contra los animales y la violencia psicológica de pareja, para lo cual, se identificaron los elementos esenciales que compone la violencia contra los animales, tales como los tipos de maltrato, el ejercicio de la violencia reactiva y proactiva, motivaciones y asociación con la violencia interpersonal; por otro lado, se abordó el fenómeno de la violencia psicológica de pareja, sus elementos constitutivos, en especial, las manifestaciones y consecuencias de la violencia psicológica de pareja.
Background: Animals have begun to take on a new role in societies. From being considered objects available to their "owner", they have come to be perceived as sentient beings, capable of experiencing a wide range of emotions and, above all, of feeling pain, which has led, on the one hand, to a whole movement for the protection and recognition of their rights and, on the other, that some have ceased to be seen as domestic animals or pets to become members of the family. The change in the way animals are perceived in society and their quality as sentient beings has given rise to numerous and varied researches that have explored the different factors involved in the phenomenon of animal abuse. The first and most representative ones laid the foundations for the association of this form of violence with child abuse, which resulted in theoretical approaches such as the violence graduation hypothesis and the deviation generalization hypothesis. Over time and new research, a new relationship was established, this time, between animal abuse and intimate partner violence, especially against women. Partner violence against women, following the recognition of gender violence and its impact on social dynamics, both in the public and private spheres, has been a phenomenon of special interest for the human sciences, which has resulted in a large body of research with different theoretical approaches. In the study of intimate partner violence against women, in addition to the most prevalent risk factors, different expressions of violence have been identified: physical, sexual, economic and psychological, and within the latter, a wide range of behaviors aimed at exercising control and domination over all aspects of the woman's life; this group of behaviors has been called coercive tactics or intimate terrorism. In the study of psychological intimate partner violence against women, based mainly on reports from victims in shelters, a double exercise by the perpetrator of proactive violence was identified: the use and mistreatment of pets as a means to control, terrorize, intimidate or punish the woman. Objective: The aim of this monograph is to identify the particularities that make up the relationship between animal abuse and psychological partner violence, for which the essential elements that make up violence against animals were identified, such as the types of abuse, the exercise of reactive and proactive violence, motivations and association with interpersonal violence; on the other hand, the phenomenon of psychological partner violence, its constituent elements, in particular, the manifestations and consequences of psychological partner violence were addressed. For this purpose, 42 articles published between 2015 and 2022 in English and Spanish were collected from different databases.
Background: Animals have begun to take on a new role in societies. From being considered objects available to their "owner", they have come to be perceived as sentient beings, capable of experiencing a wide range of emotions and, above all, of feeling pain, which has led, on the one hand, to a whole movement for the protection and recognition of their rights and, on the other, that some have ceased to be seen as domestic animals or pets to become members of the family. The change in the way animals are perceived in society and their quality as sentient beings has given rise to numerous and varied researches that have explored the different factors involved in the phenomenon of animal abuse. The first and most representative ones laid the foundations for the association of this form of violence with child abuse, which resulted in theoretical approaches such as the violence graduation hypothesis and the deviation generalization hypothesis. Over time and new research, a new relationship was established, this time, between animal abuse and intimate partner violence, especially against women. Partner violence against women, following the recognition of gender violence and its impact on social dynamics, both in the public and private spheres, has been a phenomenon of special interest for the human sciences, which has resulted in a large body of research with different theoretical approaches. In the study of intimate partner violence against women, in addition to the most prevalent risk factors, different expressions of violence have been identified: physical, sexual, economic and psychological, and within the latter, a wide range of behaviors aimed at exercising control and domination over all aspects of the woman's life; this group of behaviors has been called coercive tactics or intimate terrorism. In the study of psychological intimate partner violence against women, based mainly on reports from victims in shelters, a double exercise by the perpetrator of proactive violence was identified: the use and mistreatment of pets as a means to control, terrorize, intimidate or punish the woman. Objective: The aim of this monograph is to identify the particularities that make up the relationship between animal abuse and psychological partner violence, for which the essential elements that make up violence against animals were identified, such as the types of abuse, the exercise of reactive and proactive violence, motivations and association with interpersonal violence; on the other hand, the phenomenon of psychological partner violence, its constituent elements, in particular, the manifestations and consequences of psychological partner violence were addressed. For this purpose, 42 articles published between 2015 and 2022 in English and Spanish were collected from different databases.
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Palabras clave
Maltrato animal, violencia contra los animales de compañía, violencia interrelacionada, violencia de pareja, violencia psicológica, Animal cruelty, Violence against pets, Interrelated violence, Intimate partner violence, Psychological violence
