Análisis de la implementación de los acuerdos de paz y la justicia transicional en Colombia en los años 2016-2021
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Mendoza Villamizar, Roman Antonio
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Antecedentes
La presente revisión bibliográfica se realizó sobre la infraestructura de los acuerdos de paz y la justicia transicional en donde se llevó a cabo un análisis de artículos recientes que se relacionaran con la temática de los acuerdos de paz y justicia transicional. Estos artículos fueron escritos en un periodo no mayor a cinco años, es decir; entre el 2016 y 2021.Este análisis es fundamental para analizar la interacción entre la justicia transicional y la infraestructura para la paz en el país y poder tener una mayor comprensión de esta problemática en el país.
Para el desarrollo del presente trabajo se tuvo en cuenta de qué manera se lleva a cabo la interacción entre la infraestructura de los acuerdos de paz y la justicia transicional en Colombia, teniendo en cuenta que el problema principal se centró en el conflicto armado que ha existido en el país desde hace muchos años y que ha cobrado muchas víctimas, lo cual ha afectado enormemente a Colombia. En primer lugar, se tuvo en cuenta teóricos que ayudarán a comprender mejor la problemática abordada puesto que esto permite tener una mejor percepción de aquellas temáticas relacionadas con el acuerdo de paz y la justicia transicional en el país.
Objetivos:
• Analizar la implementación de los acuerdos de paz y la justicia transicional en Colombia en los años 2016-2021
• Identificar los elementos generales de la justifica transicional
• Examinar los Componentes de la justicia transicional a partir de las decisiones de la Corte IDH
Materiales y Métodos:
Respecto a la metodología utilizada para llevar a cabo esta revisión bibliografía, se tuvo en cuenta el enfoque cualitativo. Además se tuvo en cuenta investigaciones realizadas en los años 2016 al 2021.
Resultados:
La revisión realizada dio como resultado que en el país la Justicia transicional mantiene una interacción con la infraestructura para la paz, ya que existe una vinculación respecto al cumplimiento de las diferentes sanciones de carácter restaurativo. Para obtener este resultado fue esencial la revisión de los antecedentes del acuerdo final para la paz que se realizó en el año 2016.
Conclusiones:
Para llevar a cabo un acuerdo de paz, es necesario tener en cuenta una serie de elementos para que se pueda realizar dicho proceso en el país. En primer lugar, deben existir unas garantías para que no se repitan los actos violentos donde se han visto gravemente vulnerados los derechos humanos de los individuos puesto que de nada sirve que exista una justicia a medias si no hay nada que garantice que las víctimas no van a volver a enfrentarse a escenarios violentos.
Es por esta razón que al momento de hablar del acuerdo de paz en Colombia lo primero que se pensó fue en crear la comisión de la verdad y la JEP porque ambas juegan un rol fundamental en dicho acuerdo. Cabe resaltar que lo que principalmente se busca es atender a las víctimas del conflicto armado y es lo que han venido realizando desde que se crearon. Esto se puede ver reflejado en los distintos informes que presentan y donde se puede evidenciar claramente que se están atendiendo a las víctimas, cumpliendo así con cada uno de los objetivos planteados al iniciar este proceso.
Para finalizar, no se puede dejar de mencionar la posible configuración de responsabilidad estatal en cuanto a la seguridad de los excombatientes porque con el acuerdo de paz se adquirió un compromiso con aquellas personas que por decisión propia se alejaron de las armas. Por tal motivo, para el estado la seguridad debe considerarse como un factor esencial porque de esto dependerá el éxito del acuerdo de paz firmado
Background: This bibliographical review was carried out on the infrastructure of the peace agreements and transitional justice, where an analysis of recent articles related to the issue of peace agreements and transitional justice was carried out. These articles were written in a period not exceeding five years, that is; between 2016 and 2021. This analysis is essential to analyze the interaction between transitional justice and the infrastructure for peace in the country and to have a better understanding of this problem in the country. For the development of this work, it was taken into account how the interaction between the infrastructure of the peace agreements and transitional justice in Colombia is carried out, taking into account that the main problem focused on the armed conflict that has existed in the country for many years and that has claimed many victims, which has affected Colombia. In the first place, theorists who helped to better understand the problem addressed were taken into account, since this allows a better perception of those issues related to the peace agreement and transitional justice in the country. Objective: • Analyze the implementation of the peace agreements and transitional justice in Colombia in the years 2016-2021 • Identify the general elements of transitional justification • Examine the Components of transitional justice based on the decisions of the Inter-American Court. Materials and Methods: Regarding the methodology used to carry out this literature review, the qualitative approach was taken into account. In addition, research carried out in the years 2016 to 2021 was taken into account. Results: The review carried out resulted in the fact that transitional justice in the country maintains an interaction with the infrastructure for peace, since there is a link with respect to compliance with the different restorative sanctions. To obtain this result, it was essential to review the background of the final agreement for peace that was carried out in 2016. Conclusions: To carry out a peace agreement, it is necessary to take into account a series of elements so that said process can be carried out in the country. In the first place, there must be guarantees so that violent acts are not repeated where the human rights of individuals have been seriously violated, since it is useless to have half - justice if there is nothing to guarantee that the victims do not go to face violent scenarios again. It is for this reason that when talking about the peace agreement in Colombia, the first thing that came to mind was to create the truth commission and the JEP, because both play a fundamental role in said agreement. It should be noted that what is mainly sought is to serve the victims of the armed conflict and that is what they have been doing since they were created. This can be seen reflected in the different reports that they present and where it can be clearly evidenced that the victims are being cared for, thus fulfilling each of the objectives set at the beginning of this process. Finally, we cannot fail to mention the possible configuration of state responsibility regarding the security of former combatants because with the peace agreement a commitment was made with those people who, by their own decision, distanced themselves from arms. For this reason, for the state, security must be considered an essential factor because the success of the signed peace agreement will depend on this
Background: This bibliographical review was carried out on the infrastructure of the peace agreements and transitional justice, where an analysis of recent articles related to the issue of peace agreements and transitional justice was carried out. These articles were written in a period not exceeding five years, that is; between 2016 and 2021. This analysis is essential to analyze the interaction between transitional justice and the infrastructure for peace in the country and to have a better understanding of this problem in the country. For the development of this work, it was taken into account how the interaction between the infrastructure of the peace agreements and transitional justice in Colombia is carried out, taking into account that the main problem focused on the armed conflict that has existed in the country for many years and that has claimed many victims, which has affected Colombia. In the first place, theorists who helped to better understand the problem addressed were taken into account, since this allows a better perception of those issues related to the peace agreement and transitional justice in the country. Objective: • Analyze the implementation of the peace agreements and transitional justice in Colombia in the years 2016-2021 • Identify the general elements of transitional justification • Examine the Components of transitional justice based on the decisions of the Inter-American Court. Materials and Methods: Regarding the methodology used to carry out this literature review, the qualitative approach was taken into account. In addition, research carried out in the years 2016 to 2021 was taken into account. Results: The review carried out resulted in the fact that transitional justice in the country maintains an interaction with the infrastructure for peace, since there is a link with respect to compliance with the different restorative sanctions. To obtain this result, it was essential to review the background of the final agreement for peace that was carried out in 2016. Conclusions: To carry out a peace agreement, it is necessary to take into account a series of elements so that said process can be carried out in the country. In the first place, there must be guarantees so that violent acts are not repeated where the human rights of individuals have been seriously violated, since it is useless to have half - justice if there is nothing to guarantee that the victims do not go to face violent scenarios again. It is for this reason that when talking about the peace agreement in Colombia, the first thing that came to mind was to create the truth commission and the JEP, because both play a fundamental role in said agreement. It should be noted that what is mainly sought is to serve the victims of the armed conflict and that is what they have been doing since they were created. This can be seen reflected in the different reports that they present and where it can be clearly evidenced that the victims are being cared for, thus fulfilling each of the objectives set at the beginning of this process. Finally, we cannot fail to mention the possible configuration of state responsibility regarding the security of former combatants because with the peace agreement a commitment was made with those people who, by their own decision, distanced themselves from arms. For this reason, for the state, security must be considered an essential factor because the success of the signed peace agreement will depend on this
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Palabras clave
Infraestructura, Acuerdos de paz, Conflicto armado, Justicia transicional, Infraestructure, Peace agréments, Armed conflict, Transitional justice