Construcciones sociales sobre el rol del hombre en la salud sexual y productiva (SSR) y paternidad adolescente: una mirada desde los adolescentes y jóvenes varones
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Fecha
2021
Autores
Santiago Salazar, Natalia Nineth
Núñez Smith, Skarleth Melissa
Laverde Castro, María José
Payares Montes, Laudith
López Van-Estrahlen, Derlys Jussep
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El estudio permitió interpretar las construcciones sociales que tienen los jóvenes, sobre el rol del hombre en la SSR y la paternidad adolescente desde las relaciones sociales, hábitos tipificados y estructuras sociales. Así mismo, se describió cómo estas construcciones sociales influyen en el rol que los adolescentes y jóvenes varones tienen con respecto a la SSR y la paternidad. La finalidad de este proyecto fue conocer el trasfondo de estas construcciones sociales y las valoraciones que tienen con relación a la SSR y el ejercicio de la paternidad adolescente.
La SSR ha tomado mucha relevancia en los últimos tiempos, puesto que se ha evidenciado una tendencia ascendente ante el embarazo adolescente, pero lo más preocupante es que estos no son planeados y se han encendido las alarmas de las autoridades locales; es por ello, que se ha hecho necesario conocer de manera clara las implicaciones que trae consigo esta problemática, por ello es que la SSR debe ser mirada destre otra perspectiva social, pues esto concierne a que los adolescentes y los jóvenes no son informados de la mejor manera.
En Colombia, el Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social (2020), menciona que según el DANE la tasa de fecundidad en el grupo de mujeres de 15 a 19 años descendió de 72 nacimientos por cada 1000 mujeres en el año 2012, a 57 nacimientos por cada 1000 mujeres en el año 2019. Lo que representa pasar de 155.890 nacimientos en el año 2012 a 117.633 en el año 2019.
Dado esto, la investigación toma relevancia en las construcciones sociales de los adolescentes hombres, para conocer su percepción en cuanto a su rol paterno y su SSR; en el documento Profamilia (2018), Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud – ENDS (2015), se menciona que:
Que los hombres puedan tener relaciones sexuales sin establecer vínculos emocionales y esto se asocia a las percepciones sobre atribuciones a la masculinidad que consideran que el rol activo en la sexualidad es propio de los hombres y generan tolerancia hacia la precocidad y promiscuidad masculina al representar la sexualidad masculina “como instintiva y difícil de controlar, vivida en forma de urgencia natural” (Montoya, 2001, p.8), lo cual junto con las percepciones sobre atribuciones a la feminidad que consideran que en algunos casos se justifica golpear a las mujeres, pueden llevar a la coerción o la violencia sexual. Estos estereotipos de género constituyen un factor de riesgo tanto para la paternidad en la adolescencia como para el abandono paterno en el caso de los embarazos no deseados (Montoya, 2001). Al igual que en el embarazo en la adolescencia, en la paternidad adolescente confluyen la falta de oportunidades, la pobreza y la exclusión social que limitan las posibilidades de alcanzar una vida adulta productiva en adecuadas condiciones de salud y bienestar. (p.54)
The study allowed to interpret the social constructions that young people have, about the role of men in SRH and adolescent parenthood from social relationships, typified habits and social structures. Likewise, it was described how these social constructions influence the role that adolescents and young men have with respect to SRH and fatherhood. The purpose of this project was to know the background of these social constructions and the evaluations they have in relation to SRH and the exercise of adolescent parenthood. The SRH has become very important in recent times, since there has been an upward trend in adolescent pregnancy, but the most worrying thing is that these are not planned and the alarms of the local authorities have been set off; It is for this reason that it has become necessary to clearly know the implications that this problem brings with it, for this reason it is that SRH must be looked at from another social perspective, as this concerns adolescents and young people are not informed of the better way. In Colombia, the Ministry of Health and Social Protection (2020), mentions that according to DANE the fertility rate in the group of women aged 15 to 19 years decreased from 72 births per 1000 women in 2012, to 57 births per every 1000 women in 2019. Which represents going from 155,890 births in 2012 to 117,633 in 2019. Given this, the research takes relevance in the social constructions of male adolescents, to know their perception regarding their paternal role and their SRH; In the document Profamilia (2018), National Survey of Demography and Health - ENDS (2015), it is mentioned that: That men can have sexual relations without establishing emotional ties and this is associated with perceptions about attributions to masculinity that consider that the active role in sexuality is typical of men and generate tolerance towards male precocity and promiscuity when representing sexuality masculine “as instinctive and difficult to control, experienced in the form of natural urgency” (Montoya, 2001, p.8), which together with the perceptions about attributions to femininity that consider that in some cases it is justified to hit women, they can lead to coercion or sexual violence. These gender stereotypes constitute a risk factor for both adolescent fatherhood and paternal abandonment in the case of unwanted pregnancies (Montoya, 2001). As in adolescent pregnancy, in adolescent parenthood, lack of opportunities, poverty and social exclusion converge, limiting the possibilities of achieving a productive adult life in adequate health and well-being conditions. (p.54)
The study allowed to interpret the social constructions that young people have, about the role of men in SRH and adolescent parenthood from social relationships, typified habits and social structures. Likewise, it was described how these social constructions influence the role that adolescents and young men have with respect to SRH and fatherhood. The purpose of this project was to know the background of these social constructions and the evaluations they have in relation to SRH and the exercise of adolescent parenthood. The SRH has become very important in recent times, since there has been an upward trend in adolescent pregnancy, but the most worrying thing is that these are not planned and the alarms of the local authorities have been set off; It is for this reason that it has become necessary to clearly know the implications that this problem brings with it, for this reason it is that SRH must be looked at from another social perspective, as this concerns adolescents and young people are not informed of the better way. In Colombia, the Ministry of Health and Social Protection (2020), mentions that according to DANE the fertility rate in the group of women aged 15 to 19 years decreased from 72 births per 1000 women in 2012, to 57 births per every 1000 women in 2019. Which represents going from 155,890 births in 2012 to 117,633 in 2019. Given this, the research takes relevance in the social constructions of male adolescents, to know their perception regarding their paternal role and their SRH; In the document Profamilia (2018), National Survey of Demography and Health - ENDS (2015), it is mentioned that: That men can have sexual relations without establishing emotional ties and this is associated with perceptions about attributions to masculinity that consider that the active role in sexuality is typical of men and generate tolerance towards male precocity and promiscuity when representing sexuality masculine “as instinctive and difficult to control, experienced in the form of natural urgency” (Montoya, 2001, p.8), which together with the perceptions about attributions to femininity that consider that in some cases it is justified to hit women, they can lead to coercion or sexual violence. These gender stereotypes constitute a risk factor for both adolescent fatherhood and paternal abandonment in the case of unwanted pregnancies (Montoya, 2001). As in adolescent pregnancy, in adolescent parenthood, lack of opportunities, poverty and social exclusion converge, limiting the possibilities of achieving a productive adult life in adequate health and well-being conditions. (p.54)
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Palabras clave
Construcciones sociales, Rol, SSR, Paternidad adolescente, Adolescencia, Joven, Social constructions, Role, SRH, Adolescent parenthood, Adolescence, Youth