Hábitos como predictores del desarrollo de las funciones ejecutivas en adolescentes
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Fecha
2021
Autores
Riaño Garzón, Manuel Ernesto
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolivar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Las funciones ejecutivas son procesos mentales que permiten la organización del comportamiento, cuyo óptimo desarrollo se asocia con la prosocialidad, inteligencia, creatividad y competencias ciudadanas, mientras que su disminuido desarrollo se relaciona con problemas comportamentales como las adicciones, la violencia y el suicido; siendo los hábitos de vida un importante aspecto que contribuye en el fortalecimiento de dichas funciones desde la edad preescolar hasta la adolescencia. Los hábitos entendidos como actividad rutinaria, automatizada y frecuente son aprendidos de manera operante lo que implica un acto mediado por las consecuencias, que dada su repetición contingente se consolida en el nivel mnésico llevando a la automatización que a su vez permitirá un menor uso de recursos cerebrales. No obstante, éste mismo proceso de aprendizaje operante se puede implementar para la modificación voluntaria de hábitos, que permitiera un mejor desarrollo de procesos ejecutivos y de comportamiento.
Objetivos: Evaluar la varianza de las funciones ejecutivas a partir de los hábitos de sueño, exposición a pantallas, actividad física y actividad doméstica en adolescentes.
Executive functions are mental processes that allow the organization of behavior, whose optimal development is associated with prosociality, intelligence, creativity and civic skills, while their decreased development is related to behavioral problems such as addictions, violence and suicide; life habits being an important aspect that contributes to the strengthening of these functions from pre-school age to adolescence. Habits understood as routine, automated and frequent activity are learned in an operative way, which implies an act mediated by consequences, which, given its contingent repetition, is consolidated at the memory, leading to automation that in turn will allow less use of cerebral resources. However, this same operant learning process can be implemented for the voluntary modification of habits, which would allow a better development of executive and behavioral processes.
Executive functions are mental processes that allow the organization of behavior, whose optimal development is associated with prosociality, intelligence, creativity and civic skills, while their decreased development is related to behavioral problems such as addictions, violence and suicide; life habits being an important aspect that contributes to the strengthening of these functions from pre-school age to adolescence. Habits understood as routine, automated and frequent activity are learned in an operative way, which implies an act mediated by consequences, which, given its contingent repetition, is consolidated at the memory, leading to automation that in turn will allow less use of cerebral resources. However, this same operant learning process can be implemented for the voluntary modification of habits, which would allow a better development of executive and behavioral processes.
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Palabras clave
Hábitos, Funciones ejecutivas, Control inhibitorio, Adolescencia, Actividades cotidianas, Habits, Executive functions, Inhibitory control, Adolescence, Activities of daily living