Una mirada socio jurídica a la seguridad social de los integrantes de las agrupaciones vallenatas de Sabanalarga Atlántico en medio de la pandemia generada por la Covid 19 en el año 2020
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Fecha
2021
Autores
Morales Bolívar, José del Carmen
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El Estado colombiano ha buscado a lo largo de los años brindar la protección legal de los trabajadores en materia de seguridad social tal como lo preceptúa la Constitución Política en el artículo 48 donde la instituye como un derecho irrenunciable que debe garantizarse a todos los habitantes del territorio nacional, fundado en los principios de solidaridad, universalidad y eficiencia; mandato desarrollado a través de la Ley 100 de 1993 en el artículo 5° capítulo II con el que se motiva la creación del sistema de seguridad integral en Colombia marcando su obligatoriedad en el Decreto 780 de 2016 donde señala la responsabilidad del empleador de garantizar la afiliación de los trabajadores al sistema de seguridad social y las sanciones a las que se ve abocado por incumplir esta obligación. Sin embargo esta protección para las personas que trabajan en las agrupaciones musicales como intérpretes es muy preocupante desde los postulados y directrices que establece el Estado social de derecho ya que aunque exista la normativa, muchos empleadores tratan de ocultar la verdadera relación laboral que mantienen con las personas que se dedican a esta labor desconociéndoles los derechos en esta materia y demás acreencias que envuelven los verdaderos contratos de trabajo; es por ello que se hace necesario realizar un análisis desde el contexto latinoamericano que nos permita aterrizar en la realidad de la Región Caribe y más precisamente la de Sabanalarga Atlántico. Desde la perspectiva internacional se ha podido comprobar que en América del Sur, sólo un país de los analizados cuentan con una protección eficaz por parte del Estado y es el caso de Perú, lo cual deja mucho que decir y desear en materia legislativa sobre todo cuando se deben garantizar las mínimas garantías para las personas que hacen posible la cultura. De igual forma se encuentra que España se muestra como otro país garantista en cuanto a la protección en materia de seguridad social lo cual de plano no es más que la materialización de un verdadero Estado Social de Derecho. Por su parte, en Colombia los intérpretes que hacen parte de las diferentes agrupaciones musicales no cuentan con unas normas que de manera imperativa haga que los que son sus empleadores le garanticen el derecho a la seguridad social; por lo que se hace necesario demostrar que este tipo de relaciones se convierten en contratos realidad y así poder aplicar lo estipulado en el código sustantivo del trabajo, ya que se tiene una Asociación como ACINPRO que le otorga algunos beneficios sólo a aquellos músicos que han tenido la posibilidad de haber realizado grabaciones; lo cual es una población muy reducida.
De igual manera al analizar la situación de los integrantes de las agrupaciones musicales vallenatas del municipio de Sabanalarga Atlántico, se ha encontrado que ninguno de ellos cuenta con una protección en materia de seguridad social por parte de sus empleadores y es deplorable la situación que han tenido que afrontar por causa de la pandemia generada por la covid 19, tanto así que muchos de ellos con más de veinte años en el ejercicio de esta profesión tuvieron que dedicarse a otras actividades pues al no contar con una protección eficaz por parte del Estado.
The Colombian State has sought over the years to provide legal protection for workers in matters of social security as required by the Political Constitution in Article 48, where it establishes it as an inalienable right that must be guaranteed to all inhabitants of the territory. national, founded on the principles of solidarity, universality and efficiency; mandate developed through Law 100 of 1993 in article 5, chapter II, which motivates the creation of the comprehensive security system in Colombia, marking its mandatory nature in Decree 780 of 2016, where it indicates the responsibility of the employer to guarantee the affiliation of workers to the social security system and the sanctions to which he is led for failing to comply with this obligation. However, this protection for people who work in musical groups as interpreters is very worrying from the postulates and guidelines established by the social rule of law since although the regulations exist, many employers try to hide the true employment relationship they maintain with the people who are dedicated to this work, ignoring their rights in this matter and other claims that surround the real work contracts; That is why it is necessary to carry out an analysis from the Latin American context that allows us to land on the reality of the Caribbean Region and more precisely that of Sabanalarga Atlántico. From an international perspective, it has been found that in South America, only one country of those analyzed has effective protection from the State and this is the case of Peru, which leaves much to be said and to be desired in legislative matters, especially when The minimum guarantees must be guaranteed for the people who make culture possible. In the same way, it is found that Spain is shown as another guarantor country in terms of social security protection, which is nothing more than the materialization of a true Social State of Law. For their part, in Colombia the performers who are part of the different musical groups do not have rules that imperatively make those who are their employers guarantee them the right to social security; Therefore, it is necessary to demonstrate that this type of relationship becomes a reality contract and thus be able to apply the provisions of the substantive labor code, since there is an Association such as ACINPRO that grants some benefits only to those musicians who have had the possibility of having made recordings; which is a very small population. Similarly, when analyzing the situation of the members of the Vallenato musical groups of the municipality of Sabanalarga Atlántico, it has been found that none of them have social security protection from their employers and the situation they have had is deplorable to face due to the pandemic generated by covid 19, so much so that many of them with more than twenty years in the exercise of this profession had to dedicate themselves to other activities because they did not have effective protection from the State.
The Colombian State has sought over the years to provide legal protection for workers in matters of social security as required by the Political Constitution in Article 48, where it establishes it as an inalienable right that must be guaranteed to all inhabitants of the territory. national, founded on the principles of solidarity, universality and efficiency; mandate developed through Law 100 of 1993 in article 5, chapter II, which motivates the creation of the comprehensive security system in Colombia, marking its mandatory nature in Decree 780 of 2016, where it indicates the responsibility of the employer to guarantee the affiliation of workers to the social security system and the sanctions to which he is led for failing to comply with this obligation. However, this protection for people who work in musical groups as interpreters is very worrying from the postulates and guidelines established by the social rule of law since although the regulations exist, many employers try to hide the true employment relationship they maintain with the people who are dedicated to this work, ignoring their rights in this matter and other claims that surround the real work contracts; That is why it is necessary to carry out an analysis from the Latin American context that allows us to land on the reality of the Caribbean Region and more precisely that of Sabanalarga Atlántico. From an international perspective, it has been found that in South America, only one country of those analyzed has effective protection from the State and this is the case of Peru, which leaves much to be said and to be desired in legislative matters, especially when The minimum guarantees must be guaranteed for the people who make culture possible. In the same way, it is found that Spain is shown as another guarantor country in terms of social security protection, which is nothing more than the materialization of a true Social State of Law. For their part, in Colombia the performers who are part of the different musical groups do not have rules that imperatively make those who are their employers guarantee them the right to social security; Therefore, it is necessary to demonstrate that this type of relationship becomes a reality contract and thus be able to apply the provisions of the substantive labor code, since there is an Association such as ACINPRO that grants some benefits only to those musicians who have had the possibility of having made recordings; which is a very small population. Similarly, when analyzing the situation of the members of the Vallenato musical groups of the municipality of Sabanalarga Atlántico, it has been found that none of them have social security protection from their employers and the situation they have had is deplorable to face due to the pandemic generated by covid 19, so much so that many of them with more than twenty years in the exercise of this profession had to dedicate themselves to other activities because they did not have effective protection from the State.
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Palabras clave
Seguridad social, Estado social de derecho, Músicos, Artistas, Social security, Social state of law, Musicians, Artists