Acceso a pensión de vejez a partir de la ley 797 del 2003: un mito inalcanzable en jóvenes cotizantes del siglo XXI
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Fecha
2021
Autores
Rivera Sarmiento, Daiana Paola
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
A nivel mundial se han planteado diversos métodos normativos para el acceso a los sistemas generales de seguridad social, incluidos entre ellos el acceso a pensión de invalidez y la inalcanzable y utópica pensión por vejez. Las discusiones por esta última, en foros y debates de entes internacionales como la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) han sido de especial atención y minucioso estudio, pues existe una relación estrecha entre calidad de vida y tasa de mortalidad de las personas con el acceso a pensión, tema que muchos países han obviado en el desarrollo de normatividades laborales.
El sistema de seguridad social en Colombia durante los últimos años ha experimentado diversas modificaciones en su normatividad y aplicabilidad; en especial en el marco del sistema general de pensiones, tanto en pensión de invalidez, como en el marco de acceso para pensión por vejez. Los requisitos mínimos para el acceso a éstas cada vez son más exigentes e inalcanzables.
El acceso a pensión por vejez y el cumplimiento de estos requisitos los últimos años se ha convertido en una utopía económica y social difícil de alcanzar para los jóvenes que en la actualidad desean aportar al sistema general de pensiones con la intención única de poder pensionarse al cabo del tiempo en semanas y edades cumplidas. sin embargo, algunos aspectos demográficos, sociales, económicos e incluso laborales han sido los principales obstáculos para la población joven del siglo XXI para el alcance de su pensión por vejez.
Temas como la informalidad, la alta competencia entre candidatos a conseguir el empleo deseado, la migración irregular de población venezolana, pocas oportunidades laborales para jóvenes recién graduados de carreras universitarias, entre otros, son los obstáculos que viven día a día aquella población que, a pesar de tener las energías y conocimientos para entrar al campo laboral e iniciar sus
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aportes al sistema general de seguridad social, difícilmente entrará a hacer parte de ello.
En este ensayo, titulado: Acceso a pensión de vejez a partir de la Ley 797 de 2003: Un mito inalcanzable en jóvenes cotizantes del siglo XXI se hace una crítica reflexiva sobre las condiciones mínimas para el acceso de la pensión de vejez en adolescentes a partir de las condiciones demográficas, sociales, económicas y laborales que posee el adolescente promedio en nuestro país. Además de ello, se aportan reflexiones constructivas a partir de una mirada objetiva sobre las problemáticas en el mercado laboral para los jóvenes colombianos.
Así mismo, se hace énfasis en la reflexión socio jurídica de la viabilidad de las pautas normativas establecidas en la Ley 797 de 2003 para el acceso a pensión de vejez en los jóvenes colombianos que pese a grandes problemáticas idealizan su futuro en una vejez dentro del marco de una calidad de vida óptima. Algunos ideales y percepción del futuro económico y propuestas para mejorar la inalcanzable pensión de vejez en los años venideros hacen parte de las líneas de este ensayo reflexivo.
At the global level, various regulatory methods have been proposed for access to general social security systems, including access to disability pensions and the unattainable and utopian old-age pension. The discussions for the latter, in forums and debates of international entities such as the International Labor Organization (ILO) have been of special attention and detailed study, since there is a close relationship between quality of life and mortality rate of people with access to pensions, an issue that many countries have ignored in the development of labor regulations. The social security system in Colombia in recent years has undergone several modifications in its regulations and applicability, especially in the framework of the general pension system, both in disability pensions and in the framework of access to old age pensions. The minimum requirements for access to these pensions are increasingly demanding and unattainable. Access to old-age pensions and the fulfillment of these requirements in recent years has become an economic and social utopia that is difficult to achieve for young people who currently wish to contribute to the general pension system with the sole intention of being able to retire after a certain number of weeks and at a certain age. 6 Issues such as informality, high competition among candidates to get the desired job, irregular migration of Venezuelan population, few job opportunities for young recent university graduates, among others, are the obstacles that this population lives day by day, despite having the energy and knowledge to enter the labor field and start their contributions to the general social security system, they will hardly become part of it. In this essay, entitled: Access to old-age pension from Law 797 of 2003: An unattainable myth in young contributors of the 21st century, a reflective critique is made on the minimum conditions for the access to old-age pension in adolescents based on the demographic, social, economic and labor conditions of the average adolescent in our country. In addition, constructive reflections are provided based on an objective view of the problems in the labor market for young Colombians. Likewise, emphasis is placed on the socio-legal reflection on the viability of the normative guidelines established in Law 797 of 2003 for the access to old age pension for young Colombians who, in spite of great problems, idealize their future in an old age within the framework of an optimal quality of life. Some ideals and perception of the economic future and proposals to improve the unattainable old age pension in the years to come are part of the lines of this reflective essay.
At the global level, various regulatory methods have been proposed for access to general social security systems, including access to disability pensions and the unattainable and utopian old-age pension. The discussions for the latter, in forums and debates of international entities such as the International Labor Organization (ILO) have been of special attention and detailed study, since there is a close relationship between quality of life and mortality rate of people with access to pensions, an issue that many countries have ignored in the development of labor regulations. The social security system in Colombia in recent years has undergone several modifications in its regulations and applicability, especially in the framework of the general pension system, both in disability pensions and in the framework of access to old age pensions. The minimum requirements for access to these pensions are increasingly demanding and unattainable. Access to old-age pensions and the fulfillment of these requirements in recent years has become an economic and social utopia that is difficult to achieve for young people who currently wish to contribute to the general pension system with the sole intention of being able to retire after a certain number of weeks and at a certain age. 6 Issues such as informality, high competition among candidates to get the desired job, irregular migration of Venezuelan population, few job opportunities for young recent university graduates, among others, are the obstacles that this population lives day by day, despite having the energy and knowledge to enter the labor field and start their contributions to the general social security system, they will hardly become part of it. In this essay, entitled: Access to old-age pension from Law 797 of 2003: An unattainable myth in young contributors of the 21st century, a reflective critique is made on the minimum conditions for the access to old-age pension in adolescents based on the demographic, social, economic and labor conditions of the average adolescent in our country. In addition, constructive reflections are provided based on an objective view of the problems in the labor market for young Colombians. Likewise, emphasis is placed on the socio-legal reflection on the viability of the normative guidelines established in Law 797 of 2003 for the access to old age pension for young Colombians who, in spite of great problems, idealize their future in an old age within the framework of an optimal quality of life. Some ideals and perception of the economic future and proposals to improve the unattainable old age pension in the years to come are part of the lines of this reflective essay.
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Palabras clave
Mito, Pensión, Vejez, Norma, Acceso, Jóvenes, Cotizantes, Sistema