Importancia de los derechos laborales de los Rappitenderos en Barranquilla
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Fecha
2021
Autores
Guerra Meza, Any Marcela
Flórez Guerrero, Roberto Carlos
Rivadeneira De Avila, Maira Eliany
Rocha Moreno, Luis David
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Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El trabajo mediado por las TICS ha permito que diariamente un gran número de colombianos tengan un ingreso diario a través del uso de las plataformas digitales, esta nueva era tecnológica se ha convertido en el rebusque de muchos colombianos que por no contar con un trabajo formal acceden a estas aplicaciones para tener un ingreso que los ayude a suplir sus necesidades básicas.
Entre todas las plataformas digitales que han sido creadas en esta nueva era tecnológica se destaca la plataforma digital Rappi, que es una multinacional de origen colombiano, que actúa como aquella plataforma de intermediación entre varios tipos de usuarios, entre sus principales servicios ofrece domicilios para restaurantes, supermercados, farmacias y tiendas especializadas. Rappi representa hoy para Colombia lo mejor de la economía digital, empero, así como ha tenido éxito a nivel nacional e internacional, también presenta falencias que generan profundos debates, debido a que en su modelo de negocio sus políticas laborales no encajan con la normatividad laboral colombiana.
Así pues, teniendo en cuenta lo referido previamente, en el presente ensayo, se desarrolla la importancia de los derechos laborales de los Rappitenderos en Barranquilla, esto debido a que se ha evidenciado que la empresa Rappi está evadiendo la responsabilidad de reconocer las prerrogativas de un contrato laboral, puesto que para Rappi, sus domiciliarios no son considerados trabajadores ni ellos empleadores, ni tampoco existe una subordinación por parte de esta plataforma, por lo tanto, no cuentan con afiliación a la seguridad social, descansos, vacaciones, primas de servicio, cesantías, entre otras prerrogativas, e incluso en muchos casos se da la explotación laboral indirecta.
Es importante aclarar, que el desconocimiento de los derechos laborales de los Rappitenderos se encuentra motivada en la teoría de que éstos son trabajadores independientes, por ende, carecen de un contrato laboral, no tienen afiliación al sistema de seguridad social ni cualquier otra garantía que los proteja en el desempeño de sus labores. Sin embargo, esta modalidad de trabajo puede constituir un contrato realidad, en el entendido de que los
Rappitenderos cumplen con los elementos esenciales del contrato de trabajo los cuales se encuentran establecidos en la legislación laboral colombiana, como lo son la presentación personal del servicio, la subordinación y la remuneración.
Ahora bien, según las entrevistas elaboradas a los Rappitenderos para la realización del presente ensayo, se logró evidenciar que hay un ocultamiento del verdadero vinculo laboral entre los Rappitenderos y la plataforma digital Rappi, pues en la relación laboral existente entre estas dos partes, confluyen los tres elementos esenciales del contrato de trabajo (artículo 23 del CST), lo anterior significa que los Rappitenderos son acreedores de todas las prestaciones sociales que se desprenden de este tipo de vinculación laboral. Sin embargo, es casi improbable que la plataforma digital Rappi reconozca todas estas prerrogativas, porque según los directivos de Rappi, son solo intermediarios entre los Rappitenderos y el consumidor final, sin tener en cuenta que su modelo de negocio subsiste gracias a los Rappitenderos que merecen al menos la vinculación de estos al sistema general de seguridad social.
Due to the daily basis IT work, lot of Colombian people have a daily income through the digital platforms; this new tech era has become the reason of having at least, a low income of lot of Colombian people, this is a result of a lack of legal work places which forces people to use apps to generate money to supply their basic needs. Among all the digital platforms that have been created in the new tech era, the one who highlight is Rappi; this is a multinational company created in Colombia, it performs like an intermediary among various types of users; the main services that it provides are restaurants' delivery, supermarkets purchase, drugstores and special stores. Today, Rappi represents for Colombia the best part of the e-commerce; however, in the same way that it has had national and international success, it has weaknesses that generate deep debates because of the business model and their labor policies which do not fit with the Colombian laws. Now, taking into account the previous information, in this essay, the labor rights importance of the Rappi delivery workers in Barranquilla will be developed, this, due to a evidenced responsibility avoidance from Rappi’s company of the labor contract prerogative, since for Rappi, the delivery people are not considered as employees neither Rappi as employer, neither a sub ordinary relationship from the platform, therefore, all the delivery people do not have social security affiliation, resting time, paid vacations, premium services, layoffs and some other benefits, and even in some cases the indirect labor exploitation is present. It is important to clarify that the labor rights avoidance of the delivery workers from Rappi is based on the independent workers theory, thus, they do not have contract, social security affiliation neither any protection guaranty on their labor, nevertheless, this working way can be considered as a real contract because the Rappi delivery workers meet the main elements of the labor contract which are stablished in the Colombian labor law, as the personal service provision, subordination and remuneration. Now, based on the interviews done to the Rappi delivery workers to complete this essay, it was found that it is a real laboral link hidden between Rappi platform and Rappi delivery workers, taking into account that between those two parts, exists the main three elements of the labor contract (23rd art. Of labor Colombian law CST), that means all Rappi delivery workers must have all the benefits of a labor contract, however, it is not probable that Rappi platform will recognize the rights, based on the Rappi’s directives, they are just an intermediate in between Rappi delivery worker and the final customer, without taking into account that his business model is active thanks to the Rappi delivery worker whom at least, deserve the general social security affiliation.
Due to the daily basis IT work, lot of Colombian people have a daily income through the digital platforms; this new tech era has become the reason of having at least, a low income of lot of Colombian people, this is a result of a lack of legal work places which forces people to use apps to generate money to supply their basic needs. Among all the digital platforms that have been created in the new tech era, the one who highlight is Rappi; this is a multinational company created in Colombia, it performs like an intermediary among various types of users; the main services that it provides are restaurants' delivery, supermarkets purchase, drugstores and special stores. Today, Rappi represents for Colombia the best part of the e-commerce; however, in the same way that it has had national and international success, it has weaknesses that generate deep debates because of the business model and their labor policies which do not fit with the Colombian laws. Now, taking into account the previous information, in this essay, the labor rights importance of the Rappi delivery workers in Barranquilla will be developed, this, due to a evidenced responsibility avoidance from Rappi’s company of the labor contract prerogative, since for Rappi, the delivery people are not considered as employees neither Rappi as employer, neither a sub ordinary relationship from the platform, therefore, all the delivery people do not have social security affiliation, resting time, paid vacations, premium services, layoffs and some other benefits, and even in some cases the indirect labor exploitation is present. It is important to clarify that the labor rights avoidance of the delivery workers from Rappi is based on the independent workers theory, thus, they do not have contract, social security affiliation neither any protection guaranty on their labor, nevertheless, this working way can be considered as a real contract because the Rappi delivery workers meet the main elements of the labor contract which are stablished in the Colombian labor law, as the personal service provision, subordination and remuneration. Now, based on the interviews done to the Rappi delivery workers to complete this essay, it was found that it is a real laboral link hidden between Rappi platform and Rappi delivery workers, taking into account that between those two parts, exists the main three elements of the labor contract (23rd art. Of labor Colombian law CST), that means all Rappi delivery workers must have all the benefits of a labor contract, however, it is not probable that Rappi platform will recognize the rights, based on the Rappi’s directives, they are just an intermediate in between Rappi delivery worker and the final customer, without taking into account that his business model is active thanks to the Rappi delivery worker whom at least, deserve the general social security affiliation.
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Palabras clave
Rappitenderos, Plataformas digitales, Derechos laborales, Prestación personal del servicio, Subordinación, Remuneración, Rappi delivery workers, Digital platforms, Labor rights, Personal service provision, Subordination, Remuneration