Prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en escolares de San José de Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Chacín, Maricarmen
Carrillo, Sandra
Arenas, Vivian
Martínez, Magda
Hernández Lalinde, Juan Diego
Anderson, Hazel
Salazar, Juan
Bermúdez-Pirela, Valmore
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Saber UCV, Universidad Central de Venezuela
Resumen
Introducción y Objetivo: El sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil son problemas de salud emergentes en países con un estilo de vida occidental tanto en la niñez como en edad adulta. Debido a la escasa información sobre este tema en nuestra comunidad, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños de la ciudad de San José de Cúcuta, Colombia.
Materiales y Métodos: estudio piloto de tipo no experimental y transversal con un muestreo no probabilístico, donde se incluyeron escolares con edades comprendidas entre 6 y 13 años. El tamaño muestral fue de 187 estudiantes de ambos sexos, a quienes se determinó peso, talla e índice de masa corporal (IMC) para el diagnóstico de sobrepeso y obesidad según las tablas OMS. Se aplicó a sus representantes el cuestionario PAQ-C y una selección de ítems del cuestionario Pre-PAQ.
Resultados: La prevalencia de obesidad fue de 16.6% (n=31) y sobrepeso 22.5% (n=42), normopeso 46.5% (n=87). La obesidad infantil se asoció significativamente con el sexo (X2=16.38, p=.003, V=.296). Entre las escolares femeninas hubo un porcentaje estadísticamente mayor de individuos con peso saludable en comparación con los varones (58.43% vs 36.73% z=2.97, p=.003), mientras que, al examinar la obesidad, se evidenció una fracción mucho más elevada en los niños en contraposición a las niñas (25.51% vs. 6.74, z=3.44, p=.001). No se hallaron evidencias de relación estadísticamente significativa con el resto de variables.
Conclusiones: La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en nuestra población de estudio concuerda con los datos reportados hasta ahora para Cúcuta. Del mismo modo, los niveles de sobrepeso y obesidad pueden deberse predominantemente a niveles bajos de actividad física. Al ser este un estudio piloto, uno de sus objetivos fue estudiar las varianzas y la distribución de las variables de interés para hacer un cálculo apropiado de la potencia estadística y el tamaño muestral para un estudio de mayor envergadura que estudie apropiadamente los factores psicosociales asociados a la obesidad infantil.
Introduction and Objective: Childhood overweight and obesity are emerging public health problems in many countries with a Western lifestyle related to deteriorating health in both childhood and adulthood. Due to the scarce information on this topic in our community, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school children aged 6-13 years in the city of San José de Cúcuta, department of Norte de Santander, Colombia. The aim of this study was to estimate the variance of the main quantitative variables of an epidemiological, biological and mathematical nature, in order to make a reliable estimate of the sample size required for the next study. Materials and Methods: A non-experimental, crosssectional pilot study was done to determine the obesity prevalence in Cucuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia. Two-steps non-probabilistic sampling was carried out in 187 schoolchildren between 6 and 13 years old of both sexes from both elementary and secondary education system from San José de Cucuta Weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were determined for the diagnosis of overweight and obesity according to the WHO tables. The PAQ-C questionnaire and selected items from Pre-PAQ questionnaire were applied to their parents to evaluate PA and psycho-biological factors associated with PA. Results: The prevalence of obesity was 16.6% (n=31) and overweight 22.5% (n=42), normal weight 46.5% (n=87), risk for underweight 9.1% (n=17) and underweight 5.3% (n=10). Childhood overweight or obesity was significantly associated with sex, with a high ratio (X2=16.38, p=.003, V=.296). Male school children exhibited a statistically lower percentage of healthy weight than female school children (36.73% vs 58.43, z=2.97, p=.003), while, when examining obesity, a much higher fraction was evident in boys as opposed to girls (25.51% vs 6.74, z=3.44, p=.001). There was no evidence of a statistically significant relationship with the other variables. Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight and obesity agrees with the data reported for Cúcuta. Similarly, levels of overweight and obesity may be predominantly due to low levels of Physical activity compared to daily energy intake. However, this study is the first step to calculate an appropriate sample size for a large-scale study with better statistical power to assess the main psychosocial factors associated with childhood obesity.
Introduction and Objective: Childhood overweight and obesity are emerging public health problems in many countries with a Western lifestyle related to deteriorating health in both childhood and adulthood. Due to the scarce information on this topic in our community, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school children aged 6-13 years in the city of San José de Cúcuta, department of Norte de Santander, Colombia. The aim of this study was to estimate the variance of the main quantitative variables of an epidemiological, biological and mathematical nature, in order to make a reliable estimate of the sample size required for the next study. Materials and Methods: A non-experimental, crosssectional pilot study was done to determine the obesity prevalence in Cucuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia. Two-steps non-probabilistic sampling was carried out in 187 schoolchildren between 6 and 13 years old of both sexes from both elementary and secondary education system from San José de Cucuta Weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were determined for the diagnosis of overweight and obesity according to the WHO tables. The PAQ-C questionnaire and selected items from Pre-PAQ questionnaire were applied to their parents to evaluate PA and psycho-biological factors associated with PA. Results: The prevalence of obesity was 16.6% (n=31) and overweight 22.5% (n=42), normal weight 46.5% (n=87), risk for underweight 9.1% (n=17) and underweight 5.3% (n=10). Childhood overweight or obesity was significantly associated with sex, with a high ratio (X2=16.38, p=.003, V=.296). Male school children exhibited a statistically lower percentage of healthy weight than female school children (36.73% vs 58.43, z=2.97, p=.003), while, when examining obesity, a much higher fraction was evident in boys as opposed to girls (25.51% vs 6.74, z=3.44, p=.001). There was no evidence of a statistically significant relationship with the other variables. Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight and obesity agrees with the data reported for Cúcuta. Similarly, levels of overweight and obesity may be predominantly due to low levels of Physical activity compared to daily energy intake. However, this study is the first step to calculate an appropriate sample size for a large-scale study with better statistical power to assess the main psychosocial factors associated with childhood obesity.
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Palabras clave
Obesidad infantil, Sobrepeso, Actividad física, Nutrición, Obesity, Children, Overweight, physical activity, nutrition