Virtudes y fortalezas del carácter en la adolescencia: medición, comparación y relación con bienestar psicológico
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Fecha
2020
Autores
García-Álvarez, Diego
Hernández-Lalinde, Juan
Espinosa-Castro, Jhon-Franklin
Cobo-Rendón, Rubia
Soler, María José
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Editor
Saber UCV, Universidad Central de Venezuela
Resumen
El modelo de Peterson y Seligman de virtudes y fortalezas del carácter es la base para la escala «creciendo fuertes» que se utiliza en este trabajo. Los objetivos fueron determinar las propiedades psicométricas, comparar según sexo y edad dichas fortalezas y especificar cuáles de estas predicen el bienestar psicológico. Investigación instrumental, transversal, descriptiva y no experimental que contó con la participación de 257 adolescentes de Montevideo. Los hallazgos confirmaron la validez factorial y convergente de la escala y arrojaron cifras de consistencia interna de 0,91. Las mujeres obtuvieron puntajes más elevados en la curiosidad (Z=2,81; p<0,01), perspectiva (Z=3,97; p<0,001), amabilidad (Z=3,20; p<0,01), amor (Z=4,09; p<0,001) y equidad (Z=3,33; p<0,01), mientras que los varones se situaron por encima en el entusiasmo (Z=3,35; p<0,01) y liderazgo (Z=2,38; p<0,05). Se hallaron diferencias de acuerdo a la edad en la persistencia (H=8,80; p<0,05), trabajo en equipo (H=9,51; p<0,05), prudencia (H=13,19; p<0,01) y autorregulación (H=11,61; p<0,01). Fortalezas como la creatividad (OR=2,38, p<0,001), valentía (OR=2,05; p<0,001), amabilidad (OR=3,48; p<0,001) y gratitud (OR=2,83; p<0,001) predijeron puntajes altos de bienestar psicológico, clasificando de manera correcta al 89,92% de los sujetos. Resultados similares se hallaron en el resto de dimensiones de este constructo. Se concluye: (a) la escala «creciendo fuertes» tiene adecuadas propiedades psicométricas que sugieren su uso para medir el constructo en adolescentes; (b) existen diferencias en algunas fortalezas del carácter de acuerdo al sexo y edad; y (c) se comprueba el rol promotor de las fortalezas del carácter en el bienestar psicológico.
Peterson & Seligman's model of character strengths and vir tues is the basis for the "growing up strong" scale used in this work. The objectives were to determine the psychometric properties, to compare these strengths according to sex and age, and to specify which of these predict psychological well being. Instrumental, cross-sectional, descriptive and non-ex perimental research involving 257 adolescents from Montevi deo. The findings confirmed factorial and convergent validity of the scale and showed internal consistency values of 0.91. Women scored higher on curiosity (Z = 2.81, p<0.01), per spective (Z=3.97, p<0.001), kindness (Z=3.20, p<0.01). love (Z=4.09, p<0.001) and equity (Z=3.33, P<0.01), while men scored higher on enthusiasm (Z=3.35, p<0.01) and leadership (Z = 2.38, p<0.05). Differences according to age were found in persistence (H=8.80, p<0.05), team work (H=9.51, p<0.05), prudence (H= 13.19, p<0.01) and self-regulation (H=11.61, p<0.01). Strengths such as cre ativity (OR=2.38, p<0.001), courage (OR=2.05, p<0.001). kindness (OR=3.48, p<0.001) and gratitude (OR=2.83, p<0.001) predicted high scores of psychological well-being. correctly classifying 89.92% of the subjects. Similar results were found in the other dimensions of this construct. It is con cluded: (a) the "growing up strong" scale presents adequate psychometric properties that suggest its use to measure the construct in adolescents; (b) there are differences in some character strengths according to sex and age, and (c) the promotional role of character strengths in psychological well being is verified.
Peterson & Seligman's model of character strengths and vir tues is the basis for the "growing up strong" scale used in this work. The objectives were to determine the psychometric properties, to compare these strengths according to sex and age, and to specify which of these predict psychological well being. Instrumental, cross-sectional, descriptive and non-ex perimental research involving 257 adolescents from Montevi deo. The findings confirmed factorial and convergent validity of the scale and showed internal consistency values of 0.91. Women scored higher on curiosity (Z = 2.81, p<0.01), per spective (Z=3.97, p<0.001), kindness (Z=3.20, p<0.01). love (Z=4.09, p<0.001) and equity (Z=3.33, P<0.01), while men scored higher on enthusiasm (Z=3.35, p<0.01) and leadership (Z = 2.38, p<0.05). Differences according to age were found in persistence (H=8.80, p<0.05), team work (H=9.51, p<0.05), prudence (H= 13.19, p<0.01) and self-regulation (H=11.61, p<0.01). Strengths such as cre ativity (OR=2.38, p<0.001), courage (OR=2.05, p<0.001). kindness (OR=3.48, p<0.001) and gratitude (OR=2.83, p<0.001) predicted high scores of psychological well-being. correctly classifying 89.92% of the subjects. Similar results were found in the other dimensions of this construct. It is con cluded: (a) the "growing up strong" scale presents adequate psychometric properties that suggest its use to measure the construct in adolescents; (b) there are differences in some character strengths according to sex and age, and (c) the promotional role of character strengths in psychological well being is verified.
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Bienestar psicológico, Adolescentes, Psychological well-being, adolescents